Biogenic volatile organic compounds and the fate of ozone in the changing Arctic

大多数植物释放出芳香的气体，称为挥发性有机化合物。通常，这些气体的释放随着天气变暖而增加。温度测量表明，北极地区因气候变化而变暖的速度比地球上大多数地区都快，因此这些化合物的排放量可能会比其他地方增加更多。研究人员将研究哪些化合物是从北极苔原植被中排放出来的，以及这些化合物的排放如何取决于天气、一天中的时间和季节。研究人员还将探索这些化合物如何在大气中反应，以及这些反应的产物是什么。将特别注重这些气体对边界层臭氧的作用，因为边界层臭氧是一种重要的温室气体和大气氧化剂。这项研究将在阿拉斯加北方的生态研究基地图里克研究站进行。这些研究将增进我们对北极自然环境如何与大气相互作用的理解。更广泛的影响包括研究生教育和对蒙大拿大学一名年轻教师的支持。在以前的北极工作中，这些研究人员在夏季边界层臭氧中观察到了明显的昼夜信号。 试图将这一观测结果与大气边界层的日变化联系起来，但没有成功。这些研究人员提出，植物每天排放的生物挥发性有机化合物（BVOC）以及随后在大气边界层中的化学反应可以解释这一观察结果。一个实地活动，建议量化BVOC和氮氧化物的排放量在图里克湖长期生态研究站，位于阿拉斯加北坡。将在两个生长季节内连续获得这些BVOC的2小时环境记录。三维湍流测量和系留气球剖面将产生边界层混合动力学和混合深度的第一个直接，连续的表征。将观测结果整合到两个分层模型中，将对北极大气中臭氧的命运及其对BVOC和NOx的敏感性产生新的见解，并将在理解北极大气中的大气化学和氧化方面取得进展。

Most vegetation emit fragrant gases known as volatile organic compounds. Typically, the release of these gases increase with warmer weather. Temperature measurements have shown that the Arctic is warming faster than most of the planet from climate Change and it therefore it seems likely that the emissions of these compounds will increase more so than in other places. The investigators will study which compounds are emitted from arctic tundra vegetation and how the emissions of these compounds are dependent on weather, time of day, and season. The investigators will also explore how these compounds react in the atmosphere and what the products of these reactions are. A particular focus will be on the role that these gases play on boundary layer ozone, which is an important greenhouse gas and atmospheric oxidant. This research will be conducted at the Toolik Research Station, an ecological research site in northern Alaska. These studies will improve our understanding of how the natural environment in the Arctic interacts with the atmosphere. The broader impacts include graduate student education and support for a young faculty member at the University of Montana. During previous Arctic work, these investigators have observed a clear diurnal signal in summertime boundary layer ozone. Attempts to relate this observation to the diurnal evolution of the atmospheric boundary layer have not been successful. These investigators propose that the daily emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) from vegetation, and the subsequent chemical reactions in the atmospheric boundary layer, can explain this observation. A field campaign is proposed to quantify BVOC and NOx emissions at the Toolik Lake Long Term Ecological Research Station, located on the North Slope of Alaska. Continuous, 2-hourly ambient records of these BVOC will be obtained over two growing seasons. 3D-turbulence measurements and tethered balloon profiling will yield the first direct, continuous characterization of boundary layer mixing dynamics and mixing depth. Integration of observations into two hierarchic models will yield new insights into the fate of ozone in the Arctic atmosphere and its sensitivity to BVOC and NOx, and will provide advances in the understanding of atmospheric chemistry and oxidation in the Arctic atmosphere.