RUI: Miniaturized Paper as a Low-Cost, Patternable, Shapable and Degradable Scaffold for Cell Culture and Tissue Engineering

非技术性：该奖项由圣路易斯奥比斯波加州理工州立大学材料研究部的生物材料计划授予，将支持一种旨在促进实验室环境中三维组织生长的新生物材料的开发和表征。新材料的初步应用将包括开发组织工程血管，这可能对未来的医学相关应用具有重要意义。这个项目的主要目标是证明使用一种廉价的、经过化学修饰的纸作为支架，在培养中维持细胞的生长。重要的是，纸可以很容易地形成图案，并且它可以很容易地塑造成二维和三维结构，从而允许制备复杂的组织形状。化学修饰过程导致了纸支架的微型化，它还赋予了纸的一种独特的性质，即支架在水溶液中的可调降解。该奖项将通过积极的本科生和研究生参与，支持对下一代STEM领域科学家的培训，使这些学生能够从事具有现实世界应用的基础科学和工程研究。该项目将通过开发视觉上吸引人的实验和结构来提高公众的科学意识，这些实验和结构在基本水平上容易理解，但具有令人信服的应用。技术：支架是组织工程的关键组件，已被证明对体外培养的细胞的形态有显著影响。这项提议的研究目标是开发和表征一种新的生物材料，这种材料生产成本低，可以用试剂图案化，可以很容易地形成二维和三维结构，可以在水溶液中以可调的速度降解，可以用作3D细胞培养和组织工程的支架。该生物材料将通过高碘酸盐氧化纤维素纸制成，通过Malaprade反应生成2，3-二醛纤维素。纤维素的这种化学修饰导致了组织支架的微型化，并允许其在水介质中可调溶解。这种双醛纸的蜡纹将允许随后的细胞生长因子的沉积和二维离散细胞培养的播种。层层堆叠的双醛纸反过来又允许进行三维组织工程，就像工程血管所需的那样，例如冠状动脉。这项拟议的工作还将促进对双醛纤维素作为生物材料的理解，以及纸张氧化程度和纸张机械性能之间的关系。本科生和研究生，其中许多是代表不足的少数民族，将在这个项目中发挥重要作用，使他们能够从事具有现实世界应用的基础科学和工程研究，同时学习重要的跨学科科学技术，为他们成为未来的科学家做准备。

Non-technical:This award by the Biomaterials Program in the Division of Materials Research to the California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo will support the development and characterization of a new biomaterial intended to facilitate the growth of 3-Dimensional tissues in a laboratory setting. An initial application of the new material will include the development of tissue-engineered blood vessels, which could have important implications for future medically-relevant applications. The primary objective of this project is to demonstrate the use of an inexpensive, chemically-modified paper as a scaffold for sustaining the growth of cells in culture. Importantly, paper can be readily patterned, and it can be easily shaped into two-dimensional and three-dimensional structures, allowing for the preparation of intricate tissue shapes. The chemical modification process results in the miniaturization of the paper-scaffold and it also imparts a unique property to the paper, a tunable degradation of the scaffold in aqueous solutions. This award will support the training of the next generation of STEM field scientists through active undergraduate and graduate participation, allowing these students to engage in basic science and engineering research with real-world applications. This project will increase the public awareness of science through the development of visually appealing experiments and structures that are easy to understand on a basic level, yet have compelling applications.Technical:Scaffolds are a key component for tissue engineering, and have been shown to have a significant effect on the morphology of cells cultured in-vitro. The research objective of this proposal is to develop and characterize a new biomaterial that is inexpensive to produce, that can be patterned with reagents, that can be shaped easily into two-dimensional and three-dimensional structures, that degrades in aqueous solutions at a tunable rate, and that could be used as a scaffold for 3D cell culture and tissue engineering. The biomaterial will be made by the oxidation of cellulose-based paper with periodate, to produce 2,3-dialdehyde cellulose via the Malaprade reaction. This chemical modification of cellulose results in the miniaturization of the tissue scaffold and allows for its tunable dissolution in aqueous media. Wax patterning of this dialdehyde paper will allow for subsequent deposition of cellular growth factors and seeding of discrete cell cultures in two-dimensions. Stacking layers of dialdehyde paper in turn allows for three-dimensional tissue engineering, as is required for engineered blood vessels, such as coronary arteries. The proposed work will also advance the understanding of dialdehyde cellulose as a biomaterial, as well as the relationships between the degree of oxidation of paper and the mechanical properties of paper. Undergraduate and graduate students, many of whom are under-represented minorities, will play a prominent role with this project, allowing them to engage in basic science and engineering research with real-world applications, while learning important interdisciplinary scientific techniques that will prepare them to be the scientists of the future.