Collaborative Research: Adaptability of a Key Arctic Freshwater Species to Climate Change

标题：一种关键的北极淡水鱼对气候变化的适应性快速变化的气候对依赖于相互关联的季节性栖息地的北极鱼类构成了独特的挑战。北极灰鲭每年在溪流中的繁殖地和解冻的越冬栖息地之间迁徙。它们的活动仅限于少数相互连接的水道。当鱼类需要迁徙到冬季栖息地时，温暖的气候正在创造干燥的河床。温暖的溪流可能会挑战适应冷水的鱼类。大量的运动，可塑性，或适应性遗传变异可能允许弹性这些压力。这项研究建议研究来自三个代表性的北极河流的种群，这些河流在温度、连通性和对气候变化的敏感性方面存在差异。飞行员数据表明，越来越多的干燥事件，威胁到格雷林？的返回越冬的网站，以及大量的人口结构之间和流域内。物种可以通过运动、表型可塑性或局部适应性进化来应对气候变化。大多数研究未能解决这些基本策略中的一个或多个，这些差距目前限制了我们准确预测未来反应的能力。这项研究涉及所有三个战略，以了解北极的一个关键物种的持久性。研究人员将解决五个更广泛的影响领域：1）扩大本科生和研究生学习的机会，包括促进阿拉斯加土著少数民族参与的机会; 2）建立在北极研究实地工作人员和下48个州的K-12教育工作者之间的现有联系; 3）扩大北极少数民族社区的科学认识，包括阿拉斯加州巴罗的居民，并开始对阿拉斯加州的Anaktuvuk进行新的宣传; 4）通过政府宣传、媒体关系和公众可访问的网络资源加强公众教育; 5）扩大与州和联邦机构的合作，制定北极鱼类的管理建议。这项研究将1）分析从几天到几个世纪的四个时间尺度上的运动; 2）评估种群之间的可塑性和适应性分化; 3）评估种群中的选择位点; 4）通过整合所选位点的数据和单独标记的鱼的运动来确定针对灰鲭亚种群的自然选择。本研究将测试如何分水岭的特点影响运动模式，使用个人标签，耳石微化学，和基因组学。个体标记记录精细尺度的日常运动，耳石微化学允许重建一生的运动模式，基因组数据揭示了最近和历史上的运动在景观和基因的选择。最后，这项研究将量化遗传和环境的贡献，从不同的环境中的鱼的性能。

TITLE: Adaptability of a key Arctic freshwater fish to climate changeRapidly changing climates uniquely challenge Arctic fish that rely on interconnected, seasonally available habitat. The Arctic grayling migrates annually between breeding sites in streams and unfrozen overwintering habitat. Their movement is restricted to a small number of interconnecting waterways. Warmer climates are creating dry streambeds when fish need to migrate to winter habitat. Warmer streams could challenge fish adapted to cooler water. Substantial movement, plasticity, or adaptive genetic variation might allow for resilience to these stressors. This study proposes to study populations from three representative Arctic streams that differ in temperature, connectivity, and sensitivity to climate change. Pilot data indicate increasing drying events that threaten the grayling?s return to overwintering sites as well as substantial population structure among and within watersheds. Species can respond to climate change through movement, phenotypic plasticity, or local adaptive evolution. Most research fails to address one or more of these fundamental strategies, and these gaps currently limit our ability to predict future responses with accuracy. This study addresses all three strategies to understand the persistence of a key Arctic species. The researchers will address five broader impact areas: 1) expanding opportunities for undergraduate and graduate study, including promoting opportunities for minority involvement of native Alaskans; 2) building upon existing links between Arctic research field crews and K-12 educators in the lower 48 states; 3) broadening scientific understanding in Arctic minority communities, including residents in Barrow, AK and initiating new outreach to Anaktuvuk, AK; 4) enhancing public education via governmental outreach, media relations, and publicly accessible web resources; and 5) expanding cooperation with state and federal agencies in developing management recommendations for Arctic fish.This study will 1) assay movement at four time scales ranging from days to centuries; 2) evaluate plasticity and adaptive differentiation among populations; 3) assess populations for loci under selection; and 4) determine natural selection against grayling subpopulations by integrating data on selected loci with the movement of individually tagged fish. This study will test how watershed characteristics influence movement patterns using individual tagging, otolith micro-chemistry, and genomics. Individual tagging records fine-scale daily movement, otolith micro-chemistry allows the reconstruction of lifetime movement patterns, and genomic data reveals recent and historical movement across the landscape and genes under selection. Lastly, this study will quantify genetic and environmental contributions to performance of fish from divergent environments.