Politics of the Living. A Study on the Emergence and Reception of the Cell Theory in France and Germany, ca. 1800-1900

这个项目的目的是为19世纪法国和德国的TheCell理论的发展提供新的线索。该项目的一部分将从德法视角调查1800年至1839年间细胞理论中心范畴的史前，如个体性、普遍性、有机体与国家之间的类比。另一部分将研究1838年至1900年间细胞理论在法国的接受，主要集中在斯特拉斯堡和巴黎两个科学中心，并研究植物学、生理学、医学和社会学等不同知识领域之间的相互作用。该项目的主要问题是探索细胞理论与其政治背景之间的相互交织的联系。我们认为这些联系是相互的关系，通过这些关系，自然和政治的关系被对称地构建起来。通过跨国和跨学科的比较，法德合作将找回形成细胞理论产生和发展的不同政治和哲学概念、认知方案和研究实践之间的差异和相似之处。最后但并非最不重要的一点是，比较方法将加强法国和德国科学史学家之间的对话。

The aim of this project is to shed a new light on the development of thecell theory in the 19th century, in France and Germany. One part of theproject will investigate the pre-history of central categories of thecell theory such as individuality,universality, the analogy betweenorganism and the state, between 1800 and 1839 and from aGerman-French perspective. The other part will study the reception ofthe cell theory in France between 1838 and 1900 by focusing on twoscientific centers, Strasbourg and Paris, and by studying interactionsbetween various fields of knowledge like botany, physiology, medicineand sociology. The main issue of the project is to explore theintertwined links between the cell theory and its political contexts. Weconsider these links as reciprocal relationships through which neworders of nature and politics were symmetrically constructed. By meansof transnational and transdisciplinary comparisons, the French-Germancollaboration will retrieve differences and similarities betweendifferent political and philosophical concepts, epistemic schemes andresearch practices that shaped the emergence and development of the celltheory. Last but not least, the comparative approach will enhance thedialogue between French and German historians of science.