Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Award: The Intersection of Labor and Race in Intercultural Interaction

美国历史社会科学研究的目标之一是了解移民和东道国社区之间的复杂互动，以及它们在空间，时间，种族和起源点上的差异。最近的许多文献强调了各种形式的歧视-基于阶级、性别或种族/民族的区别-如何影响移民，以及他们如何应对这些问题并适应美国社会。来自不同来源的不同移民群体如何受到他们在美国遇到的不平等和歧视的影响？他们如何应对，以确保自己的社会和经济需求？随着时间的推移，这种情况发生了怎样的变化？考古学很好地帮助回答这些问题。考古记录不一定会受到与档案和口述历史来源相同的偏见。因此，与这些资料来源相结合，就能更全面地了解社区对不平等和歧视的反应。由于考古记录往往是从日常形成的，实际的，和习惯性的行动的人，考古学是特别好的装备，以推动超越调查有意识的政治行动（如激进主义和民事诉讼），并了解如何移民和东道国社区之间的动态关系影响移民的日常生活。除了进行研究之外，该项目还将雇用和培训本科生和研究生进行考古调查和挖掘，并与当地社区机构建立联系，这既是公共宣传的一部分，也是未来合作的基础。该项目的成果将通过大学资助的数据库、公开讲座和现场图尔斯参观以及一个致力于日裔美国人历史、考古学和移民问题的专题网站来提供。该项目的主要调查人员将在有偿和志愿研究人员的协助下，研究当地的劳动等级制度、直接和间接的种族主义、文化传统、第一代日裔美国人（一成）锯木厂工人部署的实地战略反映在日常活动的物证中，并通过这些物证进行调解。这项研究将在华盛顿的巴尼斯顿锯木厂镇进行（1898-1924）。巴内斯顿是进行此类研究的绝佳地点;它雇用了很大一部分一精锯木厂工人，并在经济和社会动荡时期运营，这可能影响了一精锯木厂工人。 研究人员将利用考古证据，辅以书面和口头历史，重建各种日常活动，包括餐饮和食物消费，饮酒和游戏行为。我们的目标是要确定在何种程度上在巴内斯顿一代通过反排斥行为，这是由区域一代领导提出的一种手段，以减少反日歇斯底里，以及如何通过不同的整个社区。这样做，这个项目将增加考古学的劳动，种族和文化的交叉点的集体知识。

One of the goals of historical social scientific research in the United States is to understand the complex interactions between immigrant and host communities and how they differ across space, time, ethnicity, and point-of-origin. Much of recent literature highlights how various forms of discrimination - based on perceived class, gender, or racial/ethnic distinctions - impact immigrants, and how they in turn grapple with these issues and adapt to United States society. How are different immigrant groups, from different origins, affected by the inequality and discrimination they encounter in the United States? How do they respond, in ways that secure their own social and economic needs? How has this changed over time? Archaeology is well equipped to help answer these questions. The archaeological record is not necessarily subject to the same kinds of biases as archival and oral historical sources. Thus, when combined with these sources, it provides a more complete picture of community responses to inequality and discrimination. Because the archeological record is often formed from the daily, practical, and habitual actions of human beings, archaeology is particularly well-equipped to push beyond investigations of conscious political action (such as activism and civil lawsuits) and understand how the dynamic relationships between immigrant and host communities influenced immigrants' daily lives. In addition to the research it will conduct this project will also employ and train undergraduate and graduate students in the methods of archaeological survey and excavation, and build connections with local community institutions, both as part of public outreach and as a foundation for future collaboration. The project's results will be made available through university-funded data depositories, public talks and site tours, and a thematic website dedicated to issues of Japanese American history, archaeology, and immigration.This project's Principal Investigators will, with the assistance of paid and volunteer researchers, examine how local labor hierarchies, direct and indirect racism, cultural traditions, and on-the-ground strategies deployed by first-generation Japanese American (Issei) sawmill workers are reflected in and mediated through the material evidence for daily activities. This research will be conducted at the sawmill town of Barneston, Washington (1898-1924). Barneston is an excellent location for such research; it employed a significant proportion of Issei workers and operated during a period of turbulent economic and social changes which may have affected Issei sawmill laborers. The researchers will use archaeological evidence, supplemented by written and oral histories, to reconstruct a variety of daily activities, including dining and food consumption, drinking, and gaming behavior. The goal is to determine the extent to which Issei at Barneston adopted anti-exclusion behaviors which were proposed by regional Issei leadership as a means of reducing anti-Japanese hysteria, and how such adoption varied throughout the community. In doing so, this project will add to archaeology's collective knowledge of the intersection of labor, race, and culture.