Workshop: Organizational Issues in Technology Transfer at Federal Laboratories; November 13-15, 2017, Phoenix, Arizona

该项目的目的是举办一个研讨会，推动联邦实验室的技术转让任务，这些实验室是美国国家创新体系的重要组成部分。1980年，国会在两党的大力支持下，颁布了两项里程碑式的立法，以促进从大学和联邦实验室向私营部门的技术转让。第一个是主要适用于大学的《贝赫-多尔法案》。第二个是适用于联邦实验室的《史蒂文森-怀德勒法案》。紧随其后的是另外两项立法，它们也旨在促进联邦实验室的研究商业化，即1986年的《联邦技术转让法案》和2000年的《技术转让商业化法案》。贝赫-多尔法案引发了大学技术转移的大幅增长，这一点得到了学者们的深入研究。不幸的是，人们对联邦实验室的技术转让知之甚少。联邦实验室的技术转移成果似乎也落后于大学的成果。此外，联邦实验室的管理人员几乎没有分析工具，也几乎没有现有的研究来帮助他们有效地管理技术转让。本研讨会将通过制定对学者、实验室管理人员和政策制定者有用的研究议程来填补这一空白。讲习班将具体讨论已被证明影响大学技术转让绩效的组织问题，包括学术科学家和工程师从事技术转让的倾向。这些因素包括宏观或制度因素，如战略、结构、组织文化和组织间关系。组织问题还包括微观或个人层面的因素，比如科学家是否认为他们在工作场所受到了公平对待，激励教职员工参与技术转移，以及科学家在扮演学术企业家的新角色时遇到的困难。这些类型的问题以及其他问题也可能与联邦实验室有关。通过考虑微观和宏观层面的问题，讲习班将具有高度跨学科的性质。研讨会将召集：(1)管理学、心理学、战略学、社会学、公共政策和经济学组织问题的顶尖学术专家；(2)在联邦实验室进行技术转移研究的相对较少的学者；(3)创新和管理学研究的顶级期刊的编辑和管理、社会学和公共政策方面的其他思想领袖；(4)公共政策和管理领先学院的博士生；以及(5)主要联邦实验室和赞助它们的联邦机构的管理人员。研讨会的一个关键目标将是制定一个研究议程，同时推动对技术转让中组织问题的学术研究，同时确定工具和策略，使联邦实验室的管理人员能够推进他们的技术转让任务，并履行史蒂文森-怀德勒法案和其他旨在刺激联邦实验室研究商业化的立法的精神。

The purpose of this project is to host a workshop that will advance the technology transfer mission of federal laboratories, which constitute an important component of the U.S. national innovation system. In 1980, Congress enacted two landmark pieces of legislation, with strong bipartisan support, to facilitate technology transfer from universities and federal laboratories to the private sector. The first was the Bayh-Dole Act, which applied mainly to universities. The second was the Stevenson-Wydler Act, which applied to federal labs. This was followed by two additional pieces of legislation that were also designed to facilitate the commercialization of research at federal labs, the Federal Technology Transfer Act of 1986 and the Technology Transfer Commercialization Act of 2000. Bayh-Dole unleashed a substantial rise in university technology transfer, which has been studied intensively by academics. Unfortunately, much less is known about technology transfer at federal labs. It also appears that technology transfer outcomes at federal labs have lagged behind those achieved by universities. Also, managers at federal labs have few analytical tools and little existing research to help them manage technology transfer effectively. This workshop will fill this gap by developing a research agenda that will be useful to scholars, lab managers, and policy makers. The workshop will specifically address organizational issues, which have been shown to affect university technology transfer performance, including the propensity of academic scientists and engineers to engage in technology transfer. These include macro or institutional factors, such as strategy, structure, organizational culture, and inter-organizational relations. Organizational issues also include micro or individual-level factors, such as whether scientists perceive that they are being treated fairly in the workplace, incentives for faculty engagement in technology transfer, and struggles that scientists have with their new role as academic entrepreneurs. These types of issues, as well as others, are also likely to be relevant to federal labs. By considering both micro- and macro-level issues, the workshop will be highly interdisciplinary in nature. The workshop will convene: (1) leading academic experts on organizational issues in management, psychology, strategy, sociology, public policy, and economics; (2) the relatively few academics who have conducted research on technology transfer at federal labs; (3) editors of top journals in innovation and management studies and other thought leaders in management, sociology, and public policy; (4) doctoral students from leading schools of public policy and management, and (5) managers of major federal labs and the federal agencies that sponsor them. A key goal of the workshop will be to develop a research agenda that will simultaneously advance academic research on organizational issues in technology transfer, while at the same time, identifying tools and tactics to enable managers of federal labs to advance their technology transfer mission and fulfill the spirit of Stevenson-Wydler and other legislation that is designed to stimulate the commercialization of research at federal labs.