RAPID: Fast Reconstruction of Flood Hydrographs in the Houston Metropolitan Area during Hurricane Harvey Based on Image Processing and In-situ Measurements

在山洪暴发、飓风和其他极端天气事件期间实时构建城市地区洪水过程线的能力是困难的，因为水位测量的空间密度低，以及建成的基础设施、地面地形和自然景观与流水的复杂相互作用。这个RAPID项目的目标是利用来自交通路口和州际公路摄像头、主要新闻媒体和社交媒体的易腐烂图像和视频片段沿着参考对象/点。随后的照片图像处理，缩放到参考对象，将使一个更连续，更准确的水文在休斯敦大都市区的发展。通过在被洪水淹没的高速公路、街道和住宅小区的大量位置重建洪水过程线，飓风产生的浪涌和降雨的高分辨率、基于过程的城市洪水建模将变得更加准确。例如，它将有助于更好地了解飓风哈维期间沉积物和污染物进出休斯顿的运输。通过重建的过程线验证的这种模型还将帮助州和地方政府及时做出低洼地区的疏散决策，以减轻类似飓风引发的灾害的影响。这个基于休斯顿洪水过程线重建的RAPID项目使用图像处理和现场测量，具有重要的智力价值：（1）该方法不使用传统的流量计，具有创新性和创造性。相反，它依赖于用于新应用程序的现有数据的独特形式。(2)重建的洪水过程线将大大提高对这场由哈维飓风极端降雨造成的前所未有的洪水事件的水文过程的理解。(3)这些数据将有利于休斯顿开发新的洪水模型。(4)所开发的用于处理交通图像数据的算法和软件将在NHERI DesignSafe-CI平台上提供，可以很容易地应用于许多其他易受洪水影响的城市中心，如纽约市、新奥尔良和迈阿密。

The ability to construct flood hydrographs in urban areas in real-time during flash floods, hurricanes, and other extreme weather events is difficult because of the low spatial density of water level measurements and the complex interactions of built infrastructure, ground topography, and natural landscape with flowing water. The goal of this RAPID project is to leverage perishable images and video footage from traffic intersection and interstate highway cameras, major news media outlets, and social media along with reference objects/points. Subsequent photo image processing, scaled to the reference objects, will enable development of a more continuous, accurate hydrograph in the Houston metropolitan area. By reconstructing the flood hydrographs at a large number of locations in flooded highways, streets and residential subdivisions, high-resolution, process-based urban inundation modeling from hurricane-generated surge and rainfall will become significantly more accurate. For example, it will facilitate a better understanding of transport of sediments and pollutants in and out of Houston during Hurricane Harvey. Such a model validated by the reconstructed hydrographs will also aid state and local governments in making timely evacuation decisions for low-lying areas to mitigate the impact of similar hurricane-induced hazards.This RAPID project based on reconstruction of flood hydrographs in Houston using image processing and in-situ measurements has significant intellectual merit: (1) The proposed methodology is innovative and creative because it does not employ any traditional stream gages. Instead, it relies on a unique form of existing data employed for a new application. (2) The reconstructed flood hydrographs will significantly improve the understanding of the hydrological processes of this unprecedented flood event caused by the extreme rainfall of Hurricane Harvey. (3) The data will benefit the development of a new flood model for Houston. (4) The developed algorithms and software for processing the traffic image data, which will be available on the NHERI DesignSafe-CI platform, can be readily applied to many other flood-prone urban centers, such as New York City, New Orleans, and Miami.