Function of tyrosine kinases Lyn and Btk in high-risk CLL

拟议的项目是基于这样一个前提，即新型激酶抑制剂的主要作用涉及CLL微环境的细胞靶点，而不是白血病细胞。用LYN基因敲除小鼠或BTK突变体的化学特异性抑制进行的实验表明，对于LYN和BTK突变体，激酶失活在直接杀伤或恶性B细胞凋亡方面的贡献相对较小。与之形成鲜明对比的是，在微环境细胞中，尤其是在巨噬细胞中，抑制这两种激酶似乎抑制了CLL的生长并促进了CLL细胞的凋亡。这些发现解释了为什么在CLL患者中观察到BTK和PI3K抑制剂缺乏直接的细胞杀伤作用，在治疗期间，白血病细胞从淋巴器官重新分布到外周血中数月。综上所述，有越来越多的证据表明，间接(微环境)效应而不是直接效应解释了这类药物的治疗益处。新型抑制剂这些效应的确切作用机制尚不完全清楚。尤其是具有高度基因组不稳定性(复杂核型)和频繁的DNA损伤反应(DDR)功能障碍(TP53功能障碍)的高危慢性淋巴细胞性白血病患者，其治疗机制尚不清楚。这些抑制剂的临床疗效表明，高危CLL细胞仍然依赖微环境支持。在初步实验中，我们已经看到Lyn激酶与CLL中增强的DDR之间的功能联系。基于这些观察，第二个资助期的总体目标是在分子水平上阐明在高危CLL中似乎对CLL生长至关重要的激酶(LYN、BTK)的作用。为此，我们将探索这些酪氨酸激酶与CLL细胞中DDR的相互作用。此外，我们将阐明这些激酶在高危、TP53功能障碍的CLL细胞与微环境之间的细胞间对话中所起的作用。在四个具体目标中，我们将解决以下问题：1.研究LYN介导的微环境细胞对高危CLL发生的支持作用。2.研究自主性Lyn对CLL细胞DDR的调节作用。3.利用化学遗传学工具研究DDR缺陷的CLL细胞中BTK介导的微环境相互作用。4.检测高危(del(17p)，复杂核型)CLL在通路靶向抑制剂作用下的克隆进化。这些实验不仅将为这些激酶及其抑制剂在CLL中的作用机制提供重要的见解，而且还将为治疗干预提供新的靶点。

The proposed project is based on the premise that major effects of novel kinase inhibitors involve targets in cells of the CLL microenvironment rather than in leukemic cells. Experiments using Lyn knock out mice, or chemical, specific inhibition of Btk mutants, show a relatively modest contribution of kinase inactivation in the direct killing or for the apoptosis of malignant B cells, both for Lyn and Btk. In stark contrast, inhibition of both kinases in microenvironmental cells, in particular in macrophages, seems to inhibit CLL growth and enhance apoptosis of CLL cells. These findings provide an explanation for the lack of direct cell killing effects of both Btk and PI3K inhibitors observed in CLL patients, where leukemic cells are redistributed from lymphoid organs to the peripheral blood for months during treatment. Taken together, there is cumulating evidence that indirect (microenvironmental) effects rather than direct effects account for the therapeutic benefit of this class of agents.The precise mechanisms of action of these effects of novel inhibitors are not completely understood. In particular, the therapeutic mechanisms of kinase inhibitors in high-risk CLL, with a high degree of genomic instability (complex karyotype) and the frequent dysfunction of the DNA damage response (DDR) (TP53 dysfunction), are poorly understood. The clinical efficacy of these inhibitors suggests that high-risk CLL cells remain dependent on microenvironmental support. In preliminary experiments, we have seen a functional link between Lyn kinase and an enhanced DDR in CLL. Based on these observations, the overall aim of the second funding period is to clarify on a molecular level the role of kinases (Lyn, Btk) that seem essential for CLL growth in high-risk CLL. To this end, we will explore the interactions of these tyrosine kinases and the DDR in CLL cells. Moreover, we will clarify the role of these kinases for the intercellular dialogue between CLL cells and the microenvironment in high-risk, TP53 dysfunctional CLL. In four specific aims we will address the following questions: 1. Investigate Lyn-mediated support from microenvironmental cells to the development of high-risk CLL. 2. Investigate the autonomous Lyn-mediated modulation of the DDR in CLL cells. 3. Interrogate Btk-mediated microenvironmental interactions in DDR-defective CLL cells with the use of chemico-genetic tools. 4. Test the clonal evolution of high-risk (del(17p), complex karyotype) CLL under treatment with pathway targeted inhibitors. These experiments will not only provide essential insights into the mechanisms of action of these kinases and their inhibitors in CLL, but also provide novel targets for therapeutic intervention.