Regional networks and supraregional ambitions. Medieval Ecclesiastical Architecture in the Middle Rhine Valley (1250 to 1450)

中莱茵河谷的特点是13至15世纪的高大而又非常不同的教会建筑密度很高，从南部的奥本海姆到北部的科布伦茨。这种文化景观以河谷为标志，在整个中世纪，以许多政治、经济和文化上强大的交叉领土为标志。从教会、贵族和贵族圈子中走出来的赞助人，对他们捐赠的艺术和建筑的高质量地位感兴趣，他们可以用来表达自己的目的。中世纪时活跃在莱茵河流域中部的赞助人以及泥瓦匠和小屋同样被区域网络以及竞争和交换的动态联系在一起。此外，莱茵河及其支流特殊的地理位置导致了基础设施的建立，促进了物质和人员的跨地区转移，并通过这种方式，与科隆、斯特拉斯堡、特里尔和梅茨的主要城市中心和伟大的石匠之家进行了艺术交流。到目前为止，莱茵河中谷基本上是按照艺术史上的概念来对待的，即主要由风格上的一致性构成。这个项目将引领一条不同的道路，专注于中世纪莱茵河沿岸活跃的赞助人和泥瓦匠的区域网络和超区域野心的问题。将区分三个时间跨度，并与此目的进行比较：公元1250年、公元1300年和1400年后。这三个时间跨度的典范教会纪念碑将根据它们在城市和河流景观中的地理地形位置、它们所属的政治领土以及它们从属于教区结构的三个类别进行评估。通过这种方式，莱茵河中游地区复杂的历史、政治和地理条件将被考虑在内，问题是这些条件是否以及如何影响了该地区的建筑生产。将对构成本提案中项目的动态和参照系统的标准进行评估，特别是在关于中世纪教会建筑的项目中，涉及七位帝国选举人中的四位，美因茨、特里尔和科隆的大主教与巴拉蒂纳伯爵之间的竞争关系，所有这些都出现在莱茵河流域中部的主要建筑项目中。美因茨作为中莱茵河艺术中心的潜力，以及它在中世纪后期面对美因河畔法兰克福日益增长的经济和政治重要性时衰落的历史，将同样发挥重要作用。

The Middle Rhine Valley is distinguished by a great density of high ranging, yet remarkably heterogeneous ecclesiastical buildings of the 13th to 15th centuries, stretching between Oppenheim in the South and Koblenz in the North. This cultural landscape is marked by the river valley and, throughout the Middle Ages, by a multitude of politically, economically and culturally powerful, intersecting territories. The patrons who emerged from the ecclesiastical, aristocratic and patrician sphere, were interested in a high quality status of the art and architecture which they donated for and which they could use for their own representational purposes. Patrons as well as masons and the lodges active in the Middle Rhine Valley during the Middle Ages were equally linked by regional networks and the dynamics of competition and exchange. Moreover, the exceptional geographical situation of the river Rhine and its tributaries resulted in an infrastructure which furthered the transregional transfer of materials and people and, in this way, the artistic exchange with the dominating city centres and great masons´ lodges at Cologne and Strasbourg, Trier and Metz.The Middle Rhine Valley has up to now basically been treated with the art historically notion of a Kunstlandschaft constituted by primarily stylistically defined consistencies. This project will lead a different way and concentrate on the questions of regional networks and supraregional ambitions of patrons and masons alike active along the Middle Rhine during the Middle Ages. Three time spans will be differentiated and compared to this purpose: c. 1250, c. 1300 and post-1400. Exemplary ecclesiastical monuments of these three time spans will be evaluated by the three categories of their geographical-topographical positioning in city and river landscape, the political territories they belonged to, and their subordination to diocesan structures. In this way, the specifically complex historical, political and geographical conditions in the Middle Rhine Valley will be accounted for and the questions asked whether and how these conditions might have influenced the architectural production in this area. The criteria of dynamics and referential systems which constitute the projects combined in this proposal will be evaluated especially in this project on the ecclesiastical architecture of the Middle Ages and concern the competitive relationship between four of the seven imperial electors, the archbishops of Mainz, Trier and Cologne and the count Palatinate, all of which were present with major building projects in the Middle Rhine Valley. The potential of Mainz as an artistic centre at the Middle Rhine, and the history of its decline when facing the increasing economic and political importance of Frankfurt am Main in the Later Middle Ages, will equally play a major role.