Collaborative Research: Community Facility Support: Centers for Transformative Environmental Monitoring Programs (CTEMPs)

这笔赠款的支助将用于：1)利用最近扩大的基于光纤的分布式温度传感仪器池，继续向地球科学界提供高分辨率温度传感设备；2)开发和推广使用主动加热光纤传感来测量土壤湿度和流体通量；3)支持地球科学界小型无人机系统的用户，提供仪器和飞行任务培训；4)开发利用3-D打印、当代传感器和微处理器以及无处不在的无线通信的创新环境传感器系统。变革性环境监测方案中心(CTEMPs)设施将通过其正式指定为促进水文科学(CUAHSI)水文测量设施(HMF)节点和与CUAHSI达成正式协议，促进每年两次实践研讨会以及在俄亥俄州立大学和联合国大学校园的培训，提供实践培训和知识传播。外联活动还将包括通过联合国研究中心的系统集成实验室为无人驾驶飞机的地球科学用户提供飞行任务培训服务，以及广泛的讲习班和黑客松，以制定一项支持传播新型传感系统的战略，以扩大开放实验室的影响。这一支持与国家科学基金会促进科学进步和促进国家健康、繁荣和福利的使命是一致的，因为有针对性的研究具有社会相关性，目的是了解全球和区域水循环和气候变化对改善水资源管理的影响，以及收购对培训下一代科学劳动力的影响。这笔赠款为俄勒冈州立大学(PI：SELKER)和内华达大学雷诺大学(PI：TYLER)之间的合作提供了运营设施支持，以便在CTEMP的未来四年内继续/发展运营。CTEMP为1)使用光纤拉曼背向散射分布式温度传感(DTS)的规划、培训、设备租赁和实地实施提供社区支持；2)规划和培训SuAS设备和任务；以及3)地球科学界参与开发创新的传感器系统，利用3D打印、当代传感器和微处理器，以及通过CTEMP的一个名为“公开出版的环境传感(OPEN)”实验室的新分支，参与无处不在的无线通信。DTS可以为地球科学和环境应用提供前所未有的温度时空分布观测，包括但不限于雪、地下水和流域水文学、水生和陆地生态学、岩溶地质学、土壤科学(包括永冻土研究)、物理湖沼学和海洋学、微气象学和冰川学。高分辨率DTS系统允许以高时间频率(1 Hz)对河底、湖泊或河口底部、积雪、土层或大气温度进行高空间(=0.25 m)和高精度(0.02 oC)观测，范围从0.25到10,000 m。当放置在小溪或河流中时，光纤DTS可以观察每一次地下水流入的位置、温度和流量，计算准确的热量平衡以确定潜水交换，并观察对成功招募幼鱼至关重要的微温生境。CTEMP DTS系统已被部署在所有七大洲由国家科学基金会资助的研究项目中，并继续为水文和地球科学实地活动提供需求。无人机支持包括摄影测量、热和高光谱遥感，未来的努力将集中在社区培训和支持上。强大、低成本的传感器、微处理器和无线通信的出现使变革性的地球传感系统成为可能，但需要的技术专长在地球科学中并不常见。在25个成功项目的基础上，OSU将在CTEMP-OPEN实验室探索社区基础设施的制度化。CTEMPs-OPEN将探索如何整合中心技术能力和对地球科学界的推广，以加速变革性测量系统的传播和应用。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Support under this grant will allow for: 1) continued provision of high resolution temperature sensing equipment to the geosciences community using a recently expanded fiber optic-based distributed temperature sensing (DTS) instrument pool; 2) development and promotion of the use of actively heated optical fiber sensing for the measurement of soil moisture and fluid flux, 3) support to the earth science community users of small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) with both instrumentation and mission training and 4) development of innovative environmental sensor systems that leverage 3-D printing, contemporary sensors and micro-processors, as well as ubiquitous wireless communication. The Center for Transformative Environmental Monitoring Programs (CTEMPs) facility will offer hands-on training and knowledge dissemination, through its formal designation as a Consortium for the Advancement of the Hydrologic Sciences (CUAHSI) Hydrologic Measurement Facility (HMF) Node and formal agreements with CUAHSI to promote two hands-on workshops per year as well as training on both the OSU and UNR campuses. Outreach will also include mission training services for earth sciences users of unmanned aircraft through UNR's Systems Integration Laboratory, and extensive workshops and hackathons to develop a strategy to support dissemination of novel sensing systems to expand the impact of the OPEnS Lab. This support is congruent with NSFs mission of promoting the progress of science and advancing the national health, prosperity and welfare given the societal relevance of targeted research aimed at understanding global and regional water cycles and climate change impacts with implications for improved water resource management and the impact of the acquisition on training the next generation scientific workforce. This grant provides operational facility support for a collaborative effort between Oregon State University (PI: Selker) and the University of Nevada Reno (PI: Tyler) to allow for continued/evolving operations over the next four year of CTEMPs. CTEMPs offers community support for 1) planning, training, equipment loan and field implementation using fiber optic Raman backscatter Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS); 2) planning and training for sUAS equipment and missions; and 3) Earth Science community engagement in the development of innovative sensor systems that leverage 3-D printing, contemporary sensors and micro-processors, as well as ubiquitous wireless communication through the a new arm of CTEMPs called the "Openly Published Environmental Sensing (OPEnS)" Lab. DTS allows for unprecedented observation of the spatial and temporal distribution of temperature for geoscience and environmental applications including but not limited to, snow, groundwater and watershed hydrology, aquatic and terrestrial ecology, karst geology, soil science (including permafrost studies), physical limnology and oceanography, micrometeorology and glaciology. High resolution DTS systems allow for high spatial (= 0.25 m) and high accuracy (precision to 0.02 oC) observations of river bottom, lake, or estuary bottom, snow pack, soil horizon or atmospheric temperatures over length scales from 0.25 to 10,000 m at high temporal frequency (1 Hz). When placed in a stream or river, fiber optic DTS allows for observation of the location, temperature, and flux of each groundwater inflow, calculation of an exact heat budget to determine hyporheic exchange, and observation of micro-thermal habitats critical to successful larval fish recruitment. CTEMPs DTS systems have been deployed on NSF-funded research projects located on all seven continents and continue to be in demand for hydrologic and earth science field campaigns. Unmanned aircraft support has included photogrammetry, thermal and hyperspectral remote sensing, and future efforts will focus on community training and support. The advent of robust, low-cost sensors, micro-processors, and wireless communication makes possible transformative earth sensing systems, but requires technical expertise that is not common in the earth sciences. Building on a track record of 25 successful projects, OSU will explore the institutionalization of the community infrastructure in the CTEMPs-OPEnS Lab. CTEMPs-OPEnS will explore how to integrate central technical capabilities and outreach to the earth science communities to accelerate the dissemination and application of transformative measurement systems.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.