Standard: Developing a Value Literate Culture in Science

该项目探讨了负责任的研究行为（RCR）的一个未被充分研究的文化方面——为日常科学实践提供信息的科学目标和价值观（GVS）。这种实践的例子包括确定一个研究主题，设计一个将产生有力证据的研究计划，以及选择和招募研究参与者。相比之下，区域责任制培训课程通常侧重于狭隘的、基于规则的禁令，这种做法的范围和影响有限。这个项目很重要，因为它超越了制度化的、基于规则的伦理禁止的限制，进入了科学家思考和重视的核心。朝着这个方向发展，有可能在科学哲学与RCR教育研究之间开辟一条新的研究路线。在操作上，该项目涉及两个研究方向。Strand I涉及创建一套指导性审议，将与15个科学教员的队列一起使用。这些讨论探讨了GVS如何更好地激励科学家参与RCR，进行道德推理，并将GVS整合到他们的教学、研究和指导中。将审查这些指导审议，以评估它们对科学家关于RCR的动机和推理以及他们对GVS主题的素养的影响。这些因素之间的关系也将加以研究。在这项工作的基础上，研究链2涉及开发一种调查工具，以研究更广泛的教师、博士后研究人员、研究生和本科生对GVS的态度。调查工具的初始版本将由40名STEM专业人员试用。团队将与这些参与者进行访谈，了解他们对调查的理解。调查的修订版将分发给大约300名STEM专业人员和学生。分析将检查不同领域和群体对GVS主题的态度是否不同，并查看GVS态度是否与参与RCR的动机相关。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This project explores an underexamined cultural aspect of Responsible Conduct in Research (RCR) -- the Goals and Values of Science (GVS) that inform everyday scientific practice. Examples of such practices include identifying a research topic, designing a research plan that will yield robust evidence, and selecting and recruiting research participants. By contrast, RCR training courses typically focus on narrow, rule-based prohibitions, an approach which has been shown to have limited scope and impact. This project is important because it moves beyond the limits of institutionalized, rule-based ethical proscriptions and into the heart of what scientists think and value. Moving in this direction has potential to open a new line of research between philosophy of science with educational research on RCR. Operationally, the project involves two research strands. Strand I involves the creation of a set of guided deliberations that will be used with a cohort of 15 science faculty. These deliberations explore how GVS might better motivate scientists to engage in RCR, to reason ethically, and to integrate GVS into their teaching, research, and mentoring. The guided deliberations will be examined to evaluate their effects on scientists' motivation and reasoning about RCR and their literacy about GVS topics. Relations among these factors will also be examined. Building on this work, Research Strand 2 involves the development of a survey instrument to study attitudes towards GVS among a much wider group of faculty, post-doctoral researchers, graduate students, and undergraduates. An initial version of the survey instrument will be piloted with 40 STEM professionals. The team will conduct interviews with these participants about their interpretations of the survey. A revised version of the survey will then be disseminated to approximately 300 STEM professionals and students. Analyses will examine whether attitudes regarding GVS topics differ across fields and groups, and to see if GVS attitudes correlate with motivations to engage in RCR.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.