RAPID: Tracking magmatic and volcanic changes in the May 2018 Kilauea Eruption.

这项快速研究响应（Rapid）奖将对2018年5月的火山喷发进行详细研究，以重建火山东部裂谷带约10公里内几个地点内部和之间的熔岩位置。通过将这些信息与熔岩和水晶货物成分分析相结合，这项研究将旨在回答有关岩浆系统和岩浆迁移途径的问题，这些问题导致了这次意想不到的喷发。通过航空图像对样品进行微观结构分析，可以对现有的流动就位模型进行批判性评估，从而提高对熔岩流动动力学的定量理解。通过将地球化学和岩石学结果与地球物理信号进行比较，该项目将加深对火山如何以及为何喷发的理解。该RAPID奖将支持2018年5月基拉韦厄火山喷发熔岩流的短导火索、高分辨率地球化学研究。计划在严格限定的时空背景下，利用210Po-210Pb-226Ra，对喷发产物进行岩石学分析，对玄武岩熔岩进行流变演化。尽管喷发裂缝与个人财产和基础设施的不幸相互作用，但这次喷发为研究地球上最活跃的火山之一的岩浆活动提供了一个极好的机会，可以揭示火山活动在特定地点发生的原因、时间和方式。美国地质调查局夏威夷火山观测站（HVO）密集的观测网络提供了导致火山喷发和火山喷发过程中前所未有的地球物理记录，以及与HVO同事在样本收集和喷发参数观测方面的紧密伙伴关系和合作，以及为本研究收集和将收集的优秀熔岩样本组。这是一个真正独特的机会，可以解决火山裂谷带内岩浆过程的基本科学问题，以及裂缝熔岩喷涌开放阶段的流动就位力学。美国地质勘探局已经为我们采集了新的/正在进行的裂谷带喷发的火山产物样本，更多的收集即将到来。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This Rapid Research Response (RAPID) award will enable a detailed study of the May 2018 eruption in an effort to reconstruct lava emplacement within and between several sites spread out over about 10 km of the volcano's east rift zone. By coupling this information to lava and crystal cargo compositional analyses, the study will aim to answer questions about the magmatic system and magma migration pathways leading to this unanticipated eruption. Microtextural analysis of samples that are contextualized with aerial imagery will permit critical evaluation of existing flow emplacement models and thus engender improved quantitative understanding of lava flow dynamics. By comparing geochemical and petrologic results to the geophysical signals, the project will enhance understanding about how and why volcanoes erupt.This RAPID award will support short-fuse, high resolution geochemical studies of lava flows from the Kilauea volcano eruption in May 2018. It is planned to use 210Po-210Pb-226Ra, petrologic analysis of eruption products, and rheological evolution of basaltic lava, all in a tightly constrained spatio-temporal context. Despite the unfortunate interaction of eruption fissures with personal property and infrastructure, this eruption represent an excellent opportunity to investigate magmatism at one of Earth's most active volcanoes, with implications for why, when, and how volcanic activity occurs at a particular location. The unprecedented geophysical record of events leading to and during the eruption from the US Geological Survey's Hawaii Volcano Observatory (HVO) dense observational network, and strong partnership and collaboration with HVO colleagues for sample collection and eruption parameter observations, and the excellent lava sample suite that is and will be collected for this study, makes this a truly unique opportunity to address fundamental scientific questions about magmatic processes within a volcanic rift zone and flow emplacement mechanics during opening phases of fissure-fed lava effusion. Volcanic products from the new/ongoing rift zone eruption have been sampled for us by the USGS, with more collections forthcoming.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.