The Environmental Bias of Trade Policy

摘要 PI姓氏：Shapiro标题：贸易政策的环境偏见提案ID：1850790本项目的目标是提高对贸易政策的环境后果的认识。该项目调查关税和其他政策对污染排放的影响程度。该研究分析了一个行业的污染排放量与该行业面临的贸易和环境政策之间的关系。该研究还探讨了这种关系的原因，并研究了改变现有政策的环境和经济后果。更广泛地说，该项目评估贸易政策，环境政策以及环境和贸易结果的相互作用。最佳政策是对全球所有温室气体排放收取统一价格，因为温室气体排放无论在何处排放，都会造成同样的环境外部性。世界还没有接近这一最佳政策，目前只管制全球温室气体排放的一小部分，而且通常价格低廉且参差不齐。这项研究提供了对污染排放的关税和非关税壁垒的比较。该研究还调查了对这些模式的解释，包括行业上游位置的潜在重要性（即，在多大程度上它将产品作为中间产品出售给其他公司而不是最终消费者）。此外，该研究调查了反事实的贸易和环境政策如何影响污染和社会福利。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Abstract PI Last Name: ShapiroTitle: The Environmental Bias of Trade Policy Proposal ID: 1850790The goal of this project is to advance knowledge on the environmental consequences of trade policy. The project investigates the extent to which tariffs and other policies affect pollution emissions. The research analyzes the relationship between the amount of pollution an industry emits and the trade and environmental policies the industry faces. The research also looks at the reasons for such relationships and studies the environmental and economic consequences of changing existing policies. More broadly, this project assesses the interactions of trade policy, environmental policy, and environmental and trade outcomes. An optimal policy would charge a uniform price on all global greenhouse gas emissions, since greenhouse gas emissions create the same environmental externality regardless of where they are emitted. The world is not close to this optimal policy and currently regulates only a small share of global greenhouse gas emissions, typically at low and heterogeneous prices. This research provides comparisons of tariffs and non-tariff barriers against pollution emissions. The research also investigates explanations for these patterns, including the potential importance of an industry's upstream location (i.e., the extent to which it sells output to other firms as intermediate goods rather than to final consumers). Additionally, the research investigates how counterfactual trade and environmental policies would affect pollution and social welfare.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.