SBIR Phase II: Post-Quantum Cryptography in Resource-Constrained Devices

这个小型企业创新研究（SBIR）第二阶段项目的更广泛的影响/商业潜力是为物联网（IoT）和嵌入式设备设计师，企业硬件和软件供应商以及政府承包商提供最先进的加密和网络安全解决方案，以抵御经典和量子计算机的攻击。人们普遍认为，量子计算机将有能力解决复杂的问题，许多安全算法都是基于同样的复杂问题，比目前的计算机快得多。尽管目前还没有真正具备计算能力的量子计算机，但大规模量子计算机有望在未来十年内成为现实。我们认为有必要为未来做好计划，因为由于网络效应，改变加密系统部署需要数年时间。该项目计划实施量子安全安全解决方案，这将需要在嵌入式系统中使用的资源受限设备上集成量子安全软件和/或硬件加密解决方案。随着连接设备的格局改变世界的交互方式，对这些系统的依赖性增加，从而增加了利用安全漏洞的可能性。该项目将扩展量子安全安全解决方案的有效实现的知识，目前对此知之甚少。这个小型企业创新研究（SBIR）第二阶段项目将设计，开发和实施适用于小型和资源受限设备的加密算法，这些设备采用已知的经典和量子安全的复杂数学假设。在资源受限的设备中部署量子安全加密算法时，需要考虑长期和轻量级安全性这两个主要参数。当量子计算机变得可用时，今天制造的设备可能仍然存在，因此需要对它们进行保护。我们计划采用一类基于椭圆曲线上映射的特殊量子安全算法，沿着加密协处理器的敏捷实现，以实现所需的性能和安全性。基于这些映射的密码系统被认为提供了最小可能的密钥大小，并且与其他量子安全的候选者相比，它们的安全级别由单个简单的参数确定。硬件设计通过VLSI设计流程来实现集成电路，这些集成电路被评估为能量/功率、面积/性能和安全性，包括侧信道分析。该项目将产生关于如何在量子时代保持安全的新见解和结果。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The broader impact/commercial potential of this Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase II project is to deliver state of the art cryptography and cybersecurity solutions to Internet of Things (IoTs) and embedded device designers, enterprise hardware and software vendors, and government contractors against the attack of classical and quantum computers. It has been widely accepted that quantum computers will have the ability to solve complex problems, the same complex problems many security algorithms are based on, exponentially faster than current computers. Even though no quantum computer with serious computing power has yet been built, large scale quantum computers are expected to become a reality within the next decade. We believe it is necessary to plan for the future as it takes years to change cryptosystem deployments due to network effects. This project plans to implement quantum-safe security solutions that will require the integration of quantum-safe software and/or hardware cryptographic solutions on resource-constrained devices used in embedded systems. As the landscape of connected devices changes how the world interacts, the dependence on these systems increases, increasing the possibility of exploiting security vulnerabilities. This project will expand the knowledge of efficient implementations of quantum-safe security solutions, of which little is currently known. This Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase II project will design, develop, and implement cryptographic algorithms that are suitable for small and resource-constrained devices employing hard and complex mathematical assumptions known to be classical- and quantum-safe. Long-term and lightweight security are two main parameters that need to be considered while deploying quantum-safe cryptographic algorithms in resource-constrained devices. Devices being manufactured today may still be around when quantum computers become available and thus need to be secure against them. We plan to employ a special class of quantum-safe algorithms based on maps on elliptic curves along with agile implementations of cryptographic coprocessors to achieve the required performance and security. Cryptosystems based on these maps are known to provide the smallest possible key sizes and their security level is determined by a single, simple parameter in comparison with other quantum-safe candidates. The hardware designs are taken through VLSI design flow to realize the integrated circuits that are evaluated for energy/power, area/performance, and security including side-channel analysis. The project will generate new insights and results about how to be safe and secure in the quantum era. This project will conclude with hardware and software implementations and test chip prototypes.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.