CMMI-EPSRC: Modeling and Monitoring of Urban Underground Climate Change (MUC2)

这项研究由NSF工程-UKRI工程和物理科学研究委员会机会NSF 18-067资助。在人口稠密的城市地区，地下被用于各种目的，包括运输、额外的住宅/商业空间、存储、生命线、地热热泵系统和工业流程。这些用途都会导致地下温度、地下水位和流量的变化。随着城市人口的增加和建筑技术的显著改进，地下结构的数量预计将在未来十年内增加，从而导致地下拥堵，并可能对地下温度和水条件产生有害影响。如果有正确的规划，地下温度可以得到有益的利用。然而，如果不加以控制，它们可能会导致高昂的环境和经济成本。该项目开发的专门包装的监测设备和开放源码的地下气候模型相结合，将为评估地下条件和评估未来的演变和潜在影响提供一个强有力的框架。城市、地方和州政府、机构、公用事业公司以及公民将能够获得这些工具，以做出更明智的决定，避免环境中不可持续的做法，并更公平地获取价值。从长远来看，对地下健康状况的认识是朝着分担可持续和合理使用的责任迈出的一步。最终目标是每个城市都能生成可靠的地下气候地图，并有能力了解未来城市化情景的影响。推广战略的重点是与更广泛的社区和行业接触，以提高对这些问题的认识，并提供工具来探索解决方案。该项目将与剑桥大学的研究人员合作，开发一个框架，在存在地下热源和汇的情况下，以高分辨率监测和预测温度和地下水分布。使用光纤传感技术的低成本、可靠的地下气象站将被开发出来，并在美国和英国的地点安装。开发了一个基于高性能计算的热-水耦合地下气候变化程序，用于模拟整个城市尺度上的温度和地下水随时间的变化。地区和城市尺度的数值模拟和实验温度监测的主要科学成果是一系列原型仿真器，这些仿真器是根据地质特征、地面和建筑物类型等地面建造环境以及地下结构的密度和类型定义的。这些原型仿真器将允许高效的城市规模建模，并能够将该方法应用于具有类似地上和地下建成环境特征的任何其他城市或地区。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This research was funded under the NSF Engineering - UKRI Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council opportunity NSF 18-067. In dense urban areas, the underground is exploited for a variety of purposes, including transport, additional residential/commercial spaces, storage, lifelines, geothermal heat pump systems, and industrial processes. These uses all can contribute to changes in subsurface temperature, groundwater levels and flow. With the rise in urban populations and significant improvements in construction technologies, the number of subsurface structures is expected to grow in the next decade, leading to subsurface congestion and potentially deleterious effects to subsurface temperature and water conditions. With correct planning, subsurface temperatures can be harnessed beneficially. However, if unchecked, they can result in a high environmental and economic costs. The combination of specially packaged monitoring equipment and an open-source underground climate model developed in this project will provide a robust framework to assess underground conditions and evaluate future evolution and potential impacts. Cities, local and state governments, agencies, utilities, as well as citizens, will be able to access these tools to make more informed decisions, avoid environmentally unsustainable practices, and extract value more fairly. In the long term, awareness of the health status of the underground is a step towards sharing responsibility for its sustainable and fair use. The ultimate goal is for every city to generate reliable maps of underground climate, with the ability to understand the influence of future urbanization scenarios. The outreach strategy is focused on engaging with the wider community and the profession to raise awareness of the issues and provide tools to explore solutions.In collaboration with researchers at the University of Cambridge, the project will develop a framework for monitoring and predicting temperature and groundwater distributions at high resolutions in the presence of underground heat sources and sinks. A low cost and reliable underground weather station using the fiber optic sensing technologies will be developed and installed at sites in the US and UK. A high-performance computing based thermo-hydro coupled underground climate change code will be developed to simulate the temperature and groundwater variation with time at the whole city scale. The main scientific deliverable from the district- and city-scale numerical simulations and the experimental temperature monitoring is a series of archetype emulators, which are defined based on the geological characteristics, above ground built environment, such as surface and buildings types, and the density and type of the underground structures. These archetype emulators will allow efficient city-scale modelling and enable application of the methodology to any other city or region with similar characteristics of above and underground built environment.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.