Excavation in the Northwestern Lower Town of Tiryns: Lifeworld and cultural practice in a newly founded sector of the settlement of the Mycenaean post-palatial period

在过去的几十年里获得的见解表明，在公元前12世纪，也就是在宫殿灭亡之后，迈锡尼提林斯的发展与其他所有以前的中心都大不相同，因为它正好在其他遗址衰落的时候扩张。除了上城堡的宫殿之外，最不寻常的建筑动态发生在下城地区。在那里，在一条重新导向的河流干涸的沉积物上，新的居住区在lhiiic早期被创造出来，这可能是由新的后宫殿精英成员发起的，他们遵循并完成了最终的宫殿“总体规划”。事实上，在宫殿后期，整个地区仍然有一条溪流穿过，在重新规划之前无法开发，这为公元前12世纪规划新的定居点提供了难得的机会，而不必考虑早期的建筑。因此，通过分析建筑和装置，可以推断出这些文化规范和习俗，在此基础上，居民塑造了他们的生活世界。挖掘的主要目的是为了更好地了解公元前12世纪这部分遗址的建筑动态发展背景，并利用定居点遗迹作为档案来分析这一时期的文化和社会历史，在这一时期，梯林斯迈锡尼社区遵循着与其他迈锡尼中心截然不同的发展轨迹。西北下城的挖掘揭开了迈锡尼希腊定居点考古学的新篇章，因为长期建立的发现和挖掘特征分析方法被广泛的微观考古分析方法所扩展，这些方法在这种组合中尚未在希腊青铜器时代使用，这将有助于阐明居住在该地区的那些群体的活动和社会地位的历时变化。到目前为止，在第一个资助期获得的结果强调了提林斯北部下城作为一个纪念碑的特殊地位，在爱琴海独一无二，公元前12世纪的一个连贯的定居点设计，因为类似的广泛和保存完好的建筑结构只在塞浦路斯遇到过。由于墙壁、地板和设施的完好保存以及大量可移动的物体，有多种可能性来实现确定居民通过这些文化习俗构成和改变他们的生活世界的首要目标。

Insights gained during the last decades have shown that during the 12th cent. BC, i.e. after the demise of the palace, Mycenaean Tiryns has developed very differently from all other former centers, since it expanded exactly at the time, when the other sites suffered a decline. Aside from the area of the palace on the Upper Citadel, the most unusual architectural dynamic occurred in the area of the Lower Town. There, on top of dried-up sediments of a redirected stream new settlement quarters were created in the earliest part of LH IIIC which were probably initiated by members of the new post-palatial elites, who followed and fulfilled a final palatial "masterplan". The fact that the entire zone during the late palatial was still crossed by a stream and could not be developed prior to its redirection, opened-up the rare opportunity to plan new settlement quarters in the 12th cent. BC without having to take earlier buildings into consideration. Accordingly, by analyzing the architecture and installations inferences about those cultural norms and practices can be made on the basis of which the inhabitants shaped their lifeworld. The main goal of the excavation consists in better understanding the background of the architectural dynamic unfolding in the 12th cent. BC in this part of the site, and to use the settlement remains as an archive for analyzing the cultural and social history of the period during which the Mycenaean community of Tiryns followed such a decisively different trajectory than all other Mycenaean centers. The excavation in the Northwestern Lower Town opens a new chapter in the settlement archaeology of Mycenaean Greece, inasmuch as long- established methods of the analysis of finds and excavation features are expanded by a wide spectrum of microarchaeological analytical methods which in this combination have not yet been employed in the Greek Bronze Age and which will contribute to elucidate the diachronic changes in the activities and the social position of those groups inhabiting this area. The results obtained up till now in the first funding period have underlined the special position of the Northern Lower Town of Tiryns as a monument, unique in the Aegean, of a coherent settlement design of the 12th cent. BC, since similar extensive and well- preserved architectural structures are only encountered on Cyprus. Thanks to the excellent state of preservation of walls, floors and installations and the large number of movable objects there are manifold possibilities to approach the over-arching goal of identifying those cultural practices through which the inhabitants have constituted and changed their lifeworld.