LTREB: Streams to Screens: Bringing the Hubbard Brook Watershed Ecosystem Record (HB-WatER) into the 21st Century

自1963年夏天以来，新罕布夏州的哈伯德布鲁克实验森林至少每周测量一次降水和溪水的化学成分，使哈伯德布鲁克流域生态系统记录(HBWatER)成为现有同类记录中持续时间最长的记录之一。在过去的五十年里，HBWater改变了我们对自然界的理解。20世纪60年代的早期工作记录了酸雨问题，而1970-90年代的后续数据证明了《清洁空气法》在缓解这一问题方面的有效性。最近，HBWater的记录记录了由于历史性的酸雨，土壤和溪水中钙浓度的长期下降。在接下来的十年里，该奖项将延续这一长期记录，以记录降水和溪水的化学成分如何继续变化，以应对变暖的冬季和更频繁的暴风雨；流域生态系统如何应对积雪减少和自然森林干扰。一个新的数据可视化平台将允许感兴趣的科学家和所有背景的学生通过有指导的数据探索和易于使用的数据探索工具直接与HBWater数据交互。HBWater的寿命和连续性使其成为记录化石燃料造成的空气污染、定向环境变化以及新出现的森林害虫和病原体对陆地和水生生态系统健康的影响的重要资源。为了加强更广泛的影响，数据将更快地通过一个新的数据库提供，并通过一个新的可视化平台更容易获得。包括本科生研究经验在内的学生培训将继续是该奖项的重点。该奖项将通过继续收集哈伯德·布鲁克山谷各处每周的降水和溪水化学测量数据，将哈伯德·布鲁克研究森林的分水岭生物地球化学长期记录再延长十年。三个核心问题将继续推动和维持HB水研究议程，就像它们自20世纪60年代以来所做的那样：问题1。随着时间的推移，降水和溪水的化学成分是如何变化的？Q2.流域生态系统如何应对环境变化和大气沉积的变化？第三季度。在区域趋势的背景下，流域生态系统实验的长期后果是什么？在接下来的十年里，这项研究将扩大到询问土壤碱度和氮沉降的长期下降如何影响流域生态系统对环境变化、物理干扰以及病原体和虫害爆发的反应。未来十年的新问题问：第四季度。不断增加的河流流量和因环境变化而引起的变化的过程线将如何与河流溶质浓度的长期下降相互作用，以改变分水岭出口的时间、规模和形式？问题5.随着土壤和植被从酸化中恢复，未来的森林干扰是否会或多或少地导致流域养分的急剧流失？和Q6。森林干扰对河流pH值以及风化产物和DOC出口的长期影响是什么？每隔十年，这一长期记录就会对东北部森林的生物地球化学产生新的见解，并成为与世界各地类似的流域生态系统研究进行比较的基础。HB-water的寿命和连续性使其成为记录化石燃料造成的空气污染、定向环境变化以及新出现的森林害虫和病原体对水和溶质进入、穿过和离开流域生态系统的影响的重要资源。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，认为值得支持。

The chemistry of precipitation and streamwater have been measured throughout the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire at least weekly since the summer of 1963, making the Hubbard Brook Watershed Ecosystem Record (HBWatER) one of the longest continuous records of its kind in existence. Over the last fifty years, HBWatER has changed our understanding of the natural world. Early work in the 1960s documented the problem of acid rain, while subsequent data from the 1970-1990s proved the effectiveness of the Clean Air act in mitigating this problem. More recently, the HBWatER record has documented the long-term declines in the concentrations of calcium in soils and streamwaters as a result of historic acid rain. Over the next decade this award will extend this long-term record to document how the chemistry of precipitation and streamwater continues to change in response to warming winters and more frequent stormflows; how watershed ecosystems are responding to reduced snowpacks and natural forest disturbances. A new data visualization platform will allow interested scientists and students of all backgrounds to interact directly with HBWatER data through guided data expeditions and easy to use data exploration tools. The longevity and continuity of HBWatER makes it a vital resource for recording the impacts of air pollution from fossil fuels, directional environmental change and emerging forest pests and pathogens on the health of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. To enhance the broader impacts, the data will become available sooner via a new database and made more accessible via a new visualization platform. Training of students including research experiences for undergraduates will continue to be a focus of this award.This award will extend the long-term record of watershed biogeochemistry at the Hubbard Brook Research Forest for another decade by continuing to collect weekly measures of precipitation and streamwater chemistry at sites throughout the Hubbard Brook Valley. Three core questions will continue to motivate and sustain the HB WatER research agenda as they have since the 1960s: Q1. How is the chemistry of precipitation and streamwater changing over time? Q2. How are watershed ecosystems responding to environmental change and changing atmospheric deposition? Q3. What are the long-term consequences of watershed ecosystem experiments in the context of regional trends? In the next decade the study will expand to ask how long-term declines in soil alkalinity and N deposition affect the responses of watershed ecosystems to environmental change, physical disturbance and pathogen and pest outbreaks. New questions for the coming decade ask: Q4. How will increasing stream discharge and a shifting hydrograph due to changing environment interact with the long-term decline in stream solute concentrations to alter the timing, magnitude and form of watershed exports? Q5. Will future forest disturbances lead to more or less dramatic watershed losses of nutrients as soils and vegetation recover from acidification? And Q6. What are the long-term effects of forest disturbance on stream pH and the export of weathering products and DOC? In every decade this long-term record has yielded new insights into the biogeochemistry of northeastern forests and has served as a basis for comparison for similar watershed ecosystem studies from all over the world. The longevity and continuity of the HB-WatER makes it a vital resource for recording the impacts of air pollution from fossil fuels, directional environmental change and emerging forest pests and pathogens on the movement of water and solutes into, through and out of watershed ecosystems.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.