Collaborative Research: A National Assessment of Victimization Risk and Crime Reporting

从历史上看，美国的犯罪统计系统没有纳入有关公民身份的信息，因此几乎没有科学证据来说明移民比土生土长的美国人更有可能成为犯罪受害者。这样的信息缺失也意味着我们不知道移民比原住民更有可能还是更少向警方报案。该项目利用最近重新设计的美国国家犯罪受害者调查(NCVS)，该调查增加了关于受访者公民身份的信息，以提供首次大规模比较美国出生公民、归化公民和非公民的受害风险和犯罪报告。该项目的结果将揭示公民身份如何影响个人对犯罪的暴露，以及是否向警方报告犯罪的决定。此外，该项目将审查这些模式在不同种族和族裔群体的个人以及居住在移民政策和执法方法不同的社区中是否有所不同。该项目将通过提供有关美国居民犯罪受害和犯罪报告模式的关键信息，使各级政府的政策制定者受益。该项目有三个主要目标：(1)评估NCVS中新的自我报告的公民身份数据的质量，目的是为任何观察到的无反应偏差制定调整(如果需要)；(2)检查公民身份对受害风险的影响，以及它可能如何受到个人和社区层面因素的制约；(3)检查公民身份对向警方报告犯罪的影响，以及这种影响可能如何受到个人和社区层面条件的制约。该项目将整合来自重新设计的2016-2020年国家犯罪受害调查(NCVS)和美国社区调查(ACS)的具有全国代表性的个人层面的受害和犯罪报告数据，以及各种其他来源的数据，包括州移民立法、LexisNexis和移民和海关执法局(ICE)文件的报告。将估计多变量Logistic回归模型以实现项目目标。在美国经济、人口和政治条件迅速变化的背景下，这一结果将为本土公民和外国出生的人的安全和福祉提供新的证据。该项目将加强对调查得出的公民身份衡量标准的质量的了解，并将在国家一级首次评估移民身份是否与受害风险和向警方通报犯罪事件的决定有关。这些发现将为关于犯罪、移民和公民身份的社会学理论，以及与犯罪受害和法律动员有关的犯罪学理论提供信息，并对政治学和调查方法方面的其他文献产生影响。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The U.S. crime statistics system historically has not incorporated information about citizenship status, and thus there is little scientific evidence that can inform whether immigrants are more or less likely than native-born Americans to be criminally victimized. Such an information deficit also means we do not know whether immigrants are more or less likely than natives to report crimes to the police. This project capitalizes on a recent redesign of the U.S. National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), which adds information about respondents' citizenship status, to offer the first large-scale comparison of victimization risk and crime reporting among U.S. native-born citizens, naturalized citizens, and non-citizens. The results of the project will reveal how citizenship status shapes personal exposure to crime and decisions about whether to report crimes to the police. Additionally, the project will examine whether these patterns vary among individuals from different racial and ethnic groups and among those who reside in communities with divergent approaches to immigration policy and law enforcement. The project will benefit policy-makers at all governmental levels by providing key information regarding patterns of crime victimization and crime reporting among U.S. residents. Findings will also inform police leadership regarding these patterns, thus contributing to U.S. safety and security.The project has three primary objectives: (1) to assess the quality of the new self-reported citizenship data in the NCVS for purposes of developing adjustments (if needed) for any observed nonresponse bias; (2) to examine the effect of citizenship status on victimization risk and how it may be conditioned by individual- and community-level factors; and (3) to examine the effect of citizenship status on crime reporting to the police and how it may be conditioned by individual- and community-level conditions. The project will integrate nationally representative individual-level data on victimization and crime reporting from the redesigned 2016-2020 National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) and community-level data from the American Community Survey (ACS) and a variety of other sources including reports of state immigration legislation, LexisNexis, and Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) documents. Multivariate logistic regression models will be estimated to achieve project objectives. The results will yield new evidence about the safety and well-being of native-born citizens and foreign-born persons in the context of rapidly changing economic, demographic, and political conditions in the US. The project will which enhance knowledge about the quality of survey-derived measures of citizenship and will provide the first ever assessment at the national level of whether immigrant status is associated with victimization risk and decisions to notify the police about crime incidents. These findings will inform sociological theories regarding crime, immigration and citizenship status, as well as criminological theories related to crime victimization and mobilization of the law, with implications for additional literatures in political science and survey methodology.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.