Coordination Funds

研究单位1993年调查的可能性，使用灵活的发动机过程的有用的化学品，工作和热量的多联产。本文在燃烧研究的基础上，以理论为指导，对HCCI发动机的燃烧过程进行了实验研究。研究部门涵盖了从模型开发、经济分析和评估、优化、实验动力学研究到发动机测试的整个链条。考虑的燃料或起始化学品主要是甲烷和小型氧化碳氢化合物，预计它们将在很长一段时间内保持可用，也可作为生物燃料或电子燃料。由于这些燃料的低反应性，需要使用高新鲜气体温度或添加剂来促进点火。各种添加剂，特别是小醚，已经证明了它们在迄今为止所进行的工作中的适用性，并且已经导致了实用的发动机工艺，这些工艺在性能和经济上都是有利的。然而，迄今为止所研究的添加剂的缺点是它们必须以极高的浓度施用，因此相对大部分的能量由添加剂提供。最近证明了几ppm臭氧在稀燃HCCI发动机中促进点火的有效性。研究单位内的初步研究表明，臭氧在与多联产工艺相关的富燃料混合物中的应用也具有巨大潜力。然而，目前还没有启用这些新工艺所需的详细信息。因此，该研究单位在拟议项目阶段将侧重于对臭氧在多联产中的作用进行机械、热力学、动力学和基于发动机的调查。一方面，臭氧的作用机制产生了问题，因为它在实际点燃之前已经转化，因此形成了进一步的活性中间体。这将通过实验和理论研究来阐明反应机理。此外，出现了关于待使用的添加剂的量、其对发动机过程和发动机的热力学平衡的影响以及基于其的整个过程（包括物质分离和能量整合）的问题。烟灰的形成是所用工艺参数范围内的限制参数。还应研究臭氧和少量氧化碳氢化合物对烟尘形成的影响，以尽可能避免烟尘形成。最后，发动机过程的优化及其火用经济分析和评价将参照生产有用化学品、功和热的可比较的单独过程进行。该研究小组的总体目标是开发在化学和经济上有利的工艺，并为合理的多功能物种和能源转换做出贡献。

The Research Unit 1993 investigates possibilities of using flexible engine processes for the polygeneration of useful chemicals, work, and heat. Based on the state-of-the-art in combustion research, thermodynamically favorable processes in homogeneous-charge compression-ignition (HCCI) engines will be investigated experimentally, guided by theory. The research unit covers the entire chain from model development, exergo-economic analysis and evaluation, optimization, experimental-kinetics investigations to engine testing. The fuels or starting chemicals considered are mainly methane and small oxigenated hydrocarbons, which are expected to remain available for a long time, also as bio-fuel or e-fuel. Due to the low reactivity of these fuels, either high fresh gas temperatures or additives need to be used to promote ignition. Various additives, in particular small ethers, have proven their suitability in the work carried out to date and have led to practical engine processes that are thermodynamically and economically advantageous. The disadvantage of the additives studied to date, however, is that they must be applied at comparably high concentrations and thus a relatively large fraction of the energy is supplied by the additives. Recently the effectiveness of a few ppm ozone in promoting ignition in lean HCCI engines was demonstrated. Preliminary studies within the research unit show great potential also for the application of ozone in the context of fuel-rich mixtures that are relevant for polygeneration processes. The detailed information required for enabling these new processes is however not yet available. Therefore, the research unit will focus in the proposed project phase on the mechanistic, thermodynamic, kinetic and engine-based investigation of the role of ozone in polygeneration. On the one hand, the question arises as to the mechanism of action of ozone, since it is already converted before the actual ignition and therefore forms further reactive intermediates. This will be investigated experimentally and theoretically to elucidate the reaction mechanism. Furthermore, the question arises as to the quantity of additive to be used, its influence on the engine process and the thermodynamic balance of the engine and an overall process based on it, including species separation and energy integration. The formation of soot is a limiting parameter in the process parameter range used. The influence of ozone and small oxigenated hydrocarbons on soot formation shall also be investigated with the aim to avoid soot formation as far as possible. Finally, the optimization of the engine process and its exergo-economic analysis and evaluation will take place with reference to comparable separate processes for the production of useful chemicals, work and heat. The overarching aim of the research group is to develop thermodynamically and economically advantageous processes and to contribute to rational multifunctional species and energy conversion.