CAREER:Electro-Optical Logic Gates Based on Perovskite Phototransistors

非技术性的PI将研究基于一类新材料--金属卤化物钙钛矿的光电子电路。这些材料像硅一样是半导体，但它们可以在低温下进行溶液处理。它们的电子和光学性质也可以通过化学方法进行调节。低成本的加工和种类繁多的结合导致了对太阳能电池和发光二极管等设备的这些材料的密集研究。然而，到目前为止，它们几乎还没有被考虑用于光电子电路。我们将研究钙钛矿的光电特性，并将其用于制造光电晶体管等原理验证器件。这些器件将被集成到下一代电子电路中，用于差分放大器和光学传感器等应用。他们甚至有希望在生物神经系统的启发下实现神经形态电路。作为这一综合研究-教育项目的一部分，PI将通过YouTube频道制作和分发与这项研究有关的视频。PI还将基于3D渲染环境(如分子内部或在实验室拍摄)开发与虚拟现实(VR)耳机兼容的立体视频。技术尽管在太阳能电池和发光二极管方面的应用受到了广泛的研究，但金属卤化物钙钛矿(MHPS)迄今几乎没有被考虑用于信息处理应用，如晶体管和逻辑门。它们的高载流子迁移率和强大的、可调的吸收特性使其成为光电逻辑门的理想候选者。虽然双端光电二极管在许多应用中被用作光学传感器，但在这里，作者将把检测和放大限制在一个单一的设备：三端光电晶体管。尽管人们知之甚少，但光电晶体管可以潜在地检测和处理单个电路元件中的光信号，具有可通过施加到第三(栅极)端子的电压来调节的响应度，并且可以用于差动放大器。在该项目中，该团队将开展一系列广泛的研究活动，涉及MHPS在薄膜电子产品中的应用，特别是在基于光电晶体管的光学NOT门中的应用。可重复和可预测的基于MHP的光电晶体管将使一系列新型器件成为可能，如差分放大器、机械柔性器件、光学偏振传感器和神经形态光传感器。作为这一综合研究-教育项目的一部分，PI将通过YouTube频道传播与该研究计划相关的主题的视频。PI还将开发和传播与基于3D渲染环境(例如内部分子)的虚拟现实(VR)耳机兼容的立体视频，或在实验室/教室内拍摄的立体视频。此外，还将开发与VR耳机兼容的基于网络和桌面的交互式3D教学应用程序，用于教育和研究。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

NontechnicalThe PI will investigate opto-electronic circuits based on a new class of materials, metal halide perovskites. These materials are semiconductors like silicon, but they can be solution processed at low temperatures. Their electronic and optical properties can also be chemically tuned. The combination of low cost processing and wide variety has led to intense studies of these materials for devices such as solar cells and light emitting diodes. However, they have been scarcely considered to-date for opto-electronic circuits. The opto-electronic properties of perovskites will be studied, and they will be used to make proof-of-principle devices such as phototransistors. These devices will be incorporated into next-generation electronic circuits for applications such as differential amplifiers and optical sensors. They even have promise for neuromorphic circuits inspired by biological nervous systems. The PI will create and distribute videos related to this research via a YouTube channel as a part of this integrated research-education project. The PI will also develop stereoscopic videos compatible with virtual-reality (VR) headsets based on either 3D-rendered environments such as the inside a molecule or filmed in the laboratory. Web-based and desktop interactive 3D teaching applications compatible with VR headsets for education and research are also planned.TechnicalDespite being intensely studied for applications in solar cells and light emitting diodes, metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have to-date scarcely considered for information-processing applications, such as transistors and logic gates. Their high carrier mobility and strong, tunable, absorption properties make them ideal candidates for opto-electronic logic gates. While 2-terminal photodiodes have been employed as optical sensors in many applications, the authors here will restrict detection and amplification to a single device: a three-terminal phototransistor. Despite being poorly understood, phototransistors can potentially detect and process optical signals in a single circuit element, possess a responsivity tunable through the voltage applied to the third (gate) terminal, and can be employed in differential amplifiers. Within this project, the team will undertake a broad set of research activates concerning the optimization and study of MHPs for application in thin-film electronics; in particular, for implementation in phototransistor-based optical NOT gates. Reproducible and predictable MHP-based phototransistors will enable a range of novel devices such as differential amplifiers, mechanically flexible devices, optical polarization sensors, and neuromorphic light sensors. As part of this integrated research-education project, the PI will disseminate videos on topics related to this program of research via a YouTube channel. The PI will also develop and disseminate stereoscopic videos compatible with virtual-reality (VR) headsets based on either 3D-rendered environments (e.g. inside molecules), or filmed inside laboratories / classrooms. Additionally, web-based and desktop interactive 3D teaching applications compatible with VR headsets for education and research will be developed.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.