Science and Innovation Leadership for the 21st Century: Challenges and Strategic Implications for the United States

美国面临着重大的、日益严重的战略和竞争力担忧，这些担忧源于世界各地的科学和工程进步，以及更加开放和互联的市场，这些市场几乎影响到现代生活的方方面面。为了应对这一变化带来的机遇，各国--不仅是盟友，也是对手--正在政策、制度和基础设施方面进行重大投资，以期在具有国家经济和安全战略利益的领域获得技术能力和优势。世界各地盟友和敌对国家的技术尖端都对美国持续的经济竞争力和安全产生了重要影响：为了使美国适应新的竞争现实，它必须对当前的紧急情况以及正在出现的机会和挑战产生广泛的认识。为了解决这些问题，科学、技术和经济政策委员会(STEP)与科学、技术和法律委员会(CSTL)合作，提议召开一个特别研究委员会，审查美国目前在新兴技术领域的竞争地位；确定其在科学、技术和创新领域继续保持领导地位的挑战；并确定在关键领域失去科学和创新领导地位的战略影响。委员会将组织一系列四个讲习班，为委员会收集数据和了解情况的观点。在每次研讨会之后，将由一名指定报告员根据机构准则编写专题介绍和讨论的简要记录。最后，在这些讲习班上收集的证据将为研究委员会的审议提供信息，该委员会将发表一份载有结论和建议的协商一致报告。这项研究将提请人们注意美国在委员会确定的关键领域保持技术优势方面面临的体制和政策挑战。这项研究将重点介绍最近对美国竞争力以及贸易、技术和创新政策的研究；并强调现有政策和机构可能如何相互作用。特别是，该委员会将讨论与开放科学相关的潜在成本和收益；讨论当前市场或制度失灵，以加速可能改变游戏规则的经济、人类健康和国家安全领导层努力的研究进展；并考虑其他国家的做法，包括招聘顶尖人才、大规模资源投资和创新使用信息技术以提高其竞争力和治理体系，在全球化世界中如何影响美国的机构和能力。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The United States faces significant and growing strategic and competitiveness concerns stemming from the scientific and engineering progress around the world coupled with more open and connected markets that affect nearly every aspect of modern life. Responding to the opportunities presented by this change, countries--not only allies but also adversaries--are making significant investments in policies, institutions, and infrastructure with the goal of gaining technological competence and superiority in areas of strategic national economic and security interest. Technological sophistication in both allies and adversary nations around the world have important consequences for the continued economic competitiveness and security of the United States: For the nation to adapt to new competitive realities, it must develop a broad awareness of current exigencies as well as emerging opportunities and challenges. To address these issues, the Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy (STEP), in cooperation with the Committee on Science, Technology, and Law (CSTL), both part of the Policy and Global Affairs Division's theme on U.S. Science and Innovation Policy, proposes to convene an ad hoc study committee that will examine the current competitive position of the United States in emerging technologies; identify challenges to its continued leadership in science, technology, and innovation; and identify the strategic implications of the loss of scientific and innovation leadership in key areas. The committee will organize a series of four workshops that will serve to gather data and informed perspectives for the committee. Following each workshop, a proceedings in brief of the presentations and discussions will be prepared by a designated rapporteur in accordance with institutional guidelines. Finally, the evidence gathered at these workshops will inform the deliberations of the study committee, which will issue a consensus report with findings and recommendations. The study will draw attention to institutional and policy challenges, if any, facing the United States in maintaining technological superiority in key areas identified by the committee. The study will highlight recent research on U.S. competitiveness and trade, technology, and innovation policies; and highlight how existing policies and institutions may interact. In particular, the committee will discuss potential costs and benefits associated with open science; discuss current market or institutional failures to accelerating research advances that have the potential for game-changing economic, human health, and national security leadership efforts; and consider how practices by other countries, including recruitment of top talent, large resource investments, and novel use of information technologies to advance their competitiveness and governance systems can, in a globalized world, affect U.S. institutions and capabilities.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.