A Workshop for Studying the Knowledge Creation Process with the ASA/Mason Digital Archive of Manuscripts and Reviews; Fairfax, VA - March 2020

大部分科学都是在同行评审的期刊上发现的。然而，科学史或科学社会学的研究人员无法研究这些期刊中接受和拒绝的内容，因为直到最近他们才能够获得大量数据，包括接受和拒绝的手稿，所涵盖的主题，提交手稿的人的特征以及评论者的评论。 此外，他们没有这些数据随着时间的推移，所以他们可能会看到一个学科的主题和提交者的变化。 美国社会学协会（阿萨）拥有1991年至2010年20年间阿萨期刊的所有手稿和所有评论的电子副本。 基于之前一个为期三年的NSF资助项目，乔治梅森大学的社会科学研究中心（CSSR）为阿萨的顶级期刊《美国社会学评论》创建了一个包含这些信息的数字档案。 鉴于档案数据文件的复杂性，2019年6月，CSSR举办了为期两天的研讨会，以便感兴趣的学者可以接受培训，在学科发生显著变化的时期，使用它来回答有关社会学历史和发展的关键问题。 对第一次讲习班的需求很高，其有据可查的成功促使需要举办第二次讲习班。 受过使用档案培训的教师将把这一知识传授给社会学和其他学科的同事，以进一步研究旗舰期刊的同行评审制度。该项目是有益的，因为它允许审查的科学过程。该项目将支持为期两天的研讨会将于2020年4月举行，以培训一组新的教师和研究生使用阿萨/梅森美国社会学评论（ASR）数字档案。 乔治梅森大学的社会科学研究中心（CSSR）创建了一个包含8,000多篇手稿和26,000篇评论的数字档案。该档案包括作者的人口统计和机构信息，以及20年来的评论。 该档案库是通过检查所有提交的手稿，将其与审稿人进行匹配，并使用互联网来保护有关作者和审稿人的其他信息而创建的。这些信息被合并到四种类型的文件中作者、审稿人、个人和手稿文件。讲习班参与者将熟悉这些文件，并学习如何将它们连接起来和/或如何根据要回答的研究问题分别使用它们。研究人员可以通过检查这些文件来确定同行评审网络是否与作者的同行评审网络在智力上相距甚远，或者作者和评审员是否都在同一网络中，从而表明评审员偏见的可能性。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响评审标准进行评估来支持。

Much of science is found in peer-reviewed journals. However, researchers in the history or sociology of science cannot study what is accepted and what is rejected in these journals because until recently they did not have access to a body of data that included accepted and rejected manuscripts, the topics covered, the characteristics of those who submitted manuscripts, and the comments of the reviewers. Moreover, they did not have such data over time, so that they might see changes within a discipline in terms of topics and submitters. The American Sociological Association (ASA) has electronic copies of all the manuscripts and all the reviews for ASA journals for a twenty-year period between 1991 and 2010. Based on a prior three-year, NSF-funded project, the Center for Social Science Research (CSSR) at the George Mason University has created a Digital Archive that contains this information for the American Sociological Review, the ASA’s top journal. Given the complexities of the Archive data file, in June 2019 CSSR held a two-day workshop so that interested scholars could be trained to use it to answer critical questions about the history and development of sociology in a time-period of pronounced changes in the discipline. Demand for the first Workshop was high and its documented success have prompted the need for a second workshop. Faculty trained in the use of the archive will pass on this knowledge to their colleagues in sociology and other disciplines to further the study of the peer-review system for a flagship journal. This project is beneficial because it allows for scrutiny of the scientific process.This project will support a two-day workshop to be held in April 2020 to train a new group of faculty and graduate students in the use of the ASA/Mason American Sociological Review (ASR) Digital Archive. The Center for Social Science Research (CSSR) at the George Mason University has created a Digital Archive of more than 8,000 manuscripts and 26,000 reviews. The Archive includes demographic and institutional information of authors and reviews over a 20-year time-span. The Archive was created by examining all submitted manuscripts, matching them with reviewers, and using the internet to secure other information about authors and reviewers. This information was merged into four types of files—author, reviewer, person, and manuscript files. Workshop participants will become familiar with the files and learn how to link them and/or how to use each separately, depending on the research question to be answered. Examining these files allows researchers to determine whether the peer networks of reviews are intellectually distant from those of authors, or whether both the author and the reviewer are in the same networks, thus suggesting the potential for reviewer bias.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.