Family pictures and dynastic representation of civic families in late medieval Nuremberg (14th -16th century)

到目前为止，历史学和艺术史领域的研究忽略了中世纪晚期的家庭照片。因此，这项研究跟随菲利普·阿里埃·S的脚步，他声称，家庭意识在16世纪首次发展到如此程度，以至于反映在艺术中。然而，我们的初步工作证明，自14世纪中叶以来，家庭照片作为一种新的照片类型的分布越来越多。这种新的类型首先出现在宗教背景下，以捐赠的图片的形式出现，展示了恩人和亲戚，以及崇高的贵族。大约1400年，这些照片变得越来越受中等类型的人欢迎，这一现象可以追溯到选定的纽伦堡帝国城市的例子。因此，本研究拟以纽伦堡为例，探讨14世纪至16世纪的家庭照片作为一种新型的朝代表现形式，这对于准确确定家庭照片的年代和确定购买者是必要的。对表现方式和描绘方式的研究，意在展示神圣家族的社会和王朝意图以及后来的影响。此外，我们感兴趣的是这些图片是如何以及何时在公民和高尚的自我塑造的社会领域中从宗教背景中成长起来的。此外，家庭照片必须与其他形式的王朝政治和表现形式进行对比，例如遗嘱契约、房屋史学等。在这一点上，16世纪至18世纪家庭史学对中世纪晚期家庭照片的接受也是为了考察。

Research in the fields of history and art history has so far ignored the late medieval family pictures. Thus the research follows Philippe Ariès, who claimed that a sense of family developed for the first time in the 16th century to such a degree that it were reflected in the arts. Our preliminary work however proves an increasing distribution of family pictures as a new type of pictures since the middle of the 14th century. This new type occurs first in a religious context in the form of pictures of endowment, showing the benefactor with relatives, of the high nobility. About 1400 these pictures became increasingly popular with the middling sort, a phenomenon which can be traced in the chosen example of the imperial city of Nuremberg. Therefore the research project intends to explore family pictures of the 14th to the 16th century as a new type of dynastic representation by a case study of Nuremberg.It is necessary for it to date the family pictures exactly and to identify the purchasers. The research on the ways of representation and those depicted intends to show social and dynastic intentions and a late influence of the sujet of the Holy family. Further we are interested in how and when the pictures grew out of the religious context in the social spheres of civic and noble self-fashioning. In addition, family pictures have to be contrasted with other forms of dynastic politics and representation that were easily available, e.g. testamentary contracts, house historiography etc. In that, the reception of late medieval family pictures in family historiography of the 16th till the 18th century is intended to investigate too.