Loyalties and disloyalties in the Balkans during and after the fall of theOttoman order

该项目通过对至今仍有争议的两个案例的分析，探索了奥斯曼帝国解体和民族国家建立后巴尔干地区社会格局动态的根本变化。从19世纪70年代到20世纪50年代的几十年里，关键事件被记录在巴尔干地区不同的国家历史记忆中，直到现在，这一时期仍然吸引着历史学家的注意，也是一个与激烈的史学辩论有关的时期。同时，该项目将分析后奥斯曼帝国时期巴尔干地区的奥斯曼帝国，并将其纳入对该地区的历史理解中，该地区在奥斯曼帝国统治下已有近五千年的历史。还将提出以下问题：渗透到日常生活社会关系模式中的观念和做法是否(以及在很长一段时间内以何种形式)也可以被概念化为一种仍然重要的“奥斯曼帝国遗产”形式。为了实现这一点，该项目将通过明确的以行动者为导向的方法，系统地探索忠诚模式中的连续性和不连续性，并特别关注具体的地方和地区问题(以及这些问题如何随着时间的推移而变化)。该项目将特别重视研究当地社会关系的多方面动态(将从不断变化的“内部”社会政治角度进行评估)，特别关注该区域地方关系的两个非常重要的方面的发展：a)有组织暴力(也源于这些社会之外)的再次发生；b)跨国移徙在当地出现的经济模式中的重要性(尤其是在土耳其的情况下)。目前选定的案例研究中对新的国家忠诚度和倾向的持续谈判和模棱两可，只有通过对这些社会中先前存在的合作模式有更深入的了解才能连贯一致。(分项目I探讨了塞尔维亚的Novi Pazar和马其顿的Struga地区的情况，其中塞尔维亚人、波斯尼亚人和土耳其人的民族取向处于公开竞争中，多年来在那里发生了强烈的民族主义对抗，特别是(但不只是)马其顿人和阿尔巴尼亚人对立的立场之间)。

This project explores the fundamental change in the dynamics of societal patterns that took place in the Balkans after the fall of the Ottoman order and the establishment of national states, through an analysis of two case studies that remain controversial until today. The decades from the 1870s until the 1950s were a period in which key events were registered in the different national historical memories of the Balkans and that until now continue to attract the attention of historians, as well as being a period linked to highly contested historiographical debates.At the same time, this project will analyze the ottomanicité of the Balkans in the post-Ottoman period and will integrate this into the historical understanding of this region, which was for almost half a millennium under Ottoman rule. Questions will also be raised about whether (and in which form over long periods of time) perceptions and practices that permeate the patterns of social relations of everyday life could also be conceptualised as a form of "Ottoman Legacy" that remains significant.In order to achieve this, the project will systematically explore the continuities and discontinuities in patterns of loyalty through an explicit actor-oriented approach with particular interest in concrete local and regional problems (and how these problems changed over time). The project will allocate particular importance to the research of the multi-faceted dynamics of local societal relations (which will be evaluated from the changing "insider" socio-political perspective) with specific interest into the development of two very important aspects that have characterized local relations in the region: a) the recurrence of organised violence (also originating from outside these societies) and b) the importance of transnational migration in the economic patterns that emerged locally (above all in the Turkish case).The current continued negotiation and ambiguity of new national loyalties and predispositions in the selected case studies can only be made coherent through a deeper understanding of pre-existing cooperation patterns in these societies. (Sub-project I explores the case of Novi Pazar in Serbia in which Serbian, Bosniak and Turkish national orientations are in open competition and the Struga region in Macedonia, where a strong nationalist confrontation has taken place for years particularly (but not exclusively) between Macedonian and Albanian opposing antagonistic positions).