RAPID: Predicting Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Impact with Multiscale Contact and Transmission Mitigation

非技术摘要：引起冠状病毒病(新冠肺炎)的新型冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2的快速传播需要多学科的缓解策略，从临床到物理宿主到宿主的传播模型。需要关于携带病原体传播的数据，这些病原体携带在正常呼吸、说话、打喷嚏和咳嗽过程中产生的空气中的粘液飞沫和气雾剂。将利用先进的原型技术测量合成呼气，以获得模拟新冠肺炎传播所需的数据，并将测试用各种编织和材料制造的个人防护设备和面罩的有效性。将获得与温度、湿度和气流有关的关于呼出物存活和扩散的物理数据。这些数据将使用有监督的机器学习方法、数学网络模拟和流行病学数据进行整合，以开发一种基于个人的方法，可以给出大流行管理结果。将公布有关传播率的物理数据，包括穿戴个人防护装备和使用各种编织的面罩，以指导缓解新冠肺炎疫情的缓解策略。除了同行评议的出版物和对博士后和本科生研究人员的培训外，基于网络的互动资源将被用于立即向公众广泛传播新冠肺炎上的数据和学习成果。技术摘要：2019年冠状病毒病(新冠肺炎)爆发的传播方式和环境污染程度尚不清楚，尽管它与严重急性呼吸综合征和其他传染病具有相同的特征。该项目将处理携带冠状病毒的气载呼出液滴和气溶胶以及作为模拟缓解输入参数所需的表面上的基本流变学匹配指标的传输和存活。个人防护装备对个体预后的影响，将获得与温度、湿度和携带与呼吸、打喷嚏和咳嗽相对应的粘弹性液滴的病原体的气流相关的扩散距离的物理数据。测量的传播率对传播和复发的影响将与流行病学数据和深度学习相结合进行调查，以实现一个可扩展的、基于个人的随机空间模型。由此产生的同行评议的出版物将作为计算新冠肺炎传播率和个人保护战略的可靠来源。精通流体动力学、软物质物理和网络模拟的博士后和本科生研究人员将接受旨在缓解传染病传播的培训。这项快速反应研究(RAPID)拨款支持的研究将产生开发新冠肺炎缓解网络方法所需的时空粘膜唾液滴传播范围数据，资金来自CARE法案，该法案由数学和物理科学总监材料研究部的凝聚态物质物理计划管理。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Nontechnical Abstract: The rapid spread of new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which causes Coronavirus Disease (covid-19), requires a multidisciplinary mitigation strategy from the clinical to physical host-to-host transmission modelling. Data is required on the transmission of pathogen carrying airborne mucosalivary droplets and aerosols generated during normal breathing, talking, sneezing, and coughing. Synthetic exhalations will be measured leveraging advanced prototyping to obtain data needed to model the spread of covid-19, and the efficacy of personal protection devices and face coverings fabricated with various weaves and materials will be tested. Physical data related to temperature, humidity, and airflow on survival and dispersion of exhalations will be obtained. The data will be integrated using supervised machine learning methods, mathematical network simulations, and epidemiological data to develop an individual-based method that can give pandemic management results. Physical data will be published on transmission rates, including wearing of personal protective equipment and face coverings with various weaves, to inform mitigation strategies to alleviate covid-19 pandemic. Interactive Web based resources will be used for immediate broad dissemination of data and learning outcomes on covid-19 to the public, in addition to peer reviewed publications and training post-doctoral and undergraduate researchers in methods leading to pandemic mitigation.Technical Abstract:The mode of transmission and extent of environmental contaminations on the outbreak of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (covid-19), while sharing features with severe acute respiratory syndrome and other infectious diseases, remains unknown. This project will address fundamental rheology-matched metrics of transport and survival of airborne exhalation droplets and aerosols that carry coronavirus and on surfaces needed as input parameters for modeling mitigation. Impact of personal protective equipment on individual prognosis, with physical data related to temperature, humidity, and airflow-dependent dispersion distance of pathogen bearing viscoelastic droplets corresponding to breathing, sneezing, and coughing, will be obtained. The impact of the measured transmission rates on the spread and recurrence will be investigated with epidemiological data integrated with deep learning to implement a scalable, individual-based, stochastic, spatial model. Resulting peer-reviewed publications will serve as trusted source for calculation of covid-19 transmissibility and personal protection strategies. Post-doctoral and undergraduate researchers versed in fluid dynamics, soft matter physics, and network simulations will be trained toward mitigating infectious disease spread.This Rapid Response Research (RAPID) grant supports research that will result in spatiotemporal mucosalivary droplet transmission range data required to develop covid-19 mitigation network methods with funding from the CARES Act managed by the Condensed Matter Physics Program in the Division of Materials Research of the Mathematical and Physical Sciences Directorate.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.