Room Acoustics and Musical Performance: New Predictors for Acoustical Conditions on Stage

《Raumakustik and musikalische》项目已提交最终报告，该项目调查了音乐表演期间的声学条件是否以及以何种方式影响器乐和声乐表演者在节奏、动态和音色再现方面的演奏和演唱方式。它不仅显示了普遍存在的相互关系，以及这些关系在多大程度上取决于乐器和个人音乐家的个性。该项目还提供了舞台声学质量清单(STAQI)，即从音乐家的角度对室内声学质量的共识词汇，由17个项目和5个因素组成。提出的延续建议旨在确定可作为这些品质的技术预测指标的房间声学参数。虽然目前ISO 3382-1中建议的两个参数对于阶段条件的有效性是被广泛承认的，但在过去的二十年中提出了各种新的参数，然而，到目前为止，还没有一个参数被应用到房间声学规划中。本项目旨在朝这一方向迈出决定性的一步，在系统变化的声学条件的基础上，为不同乐团类型(独奏/室内乐/交响乐团)、不同音乐家和不同音乐曲目的舞台声学条件建立一个大的刺激库。这些系统的变化将通过先进的室内声学模拟和动态双耳合成来实现，特别注意音乐家和舞台上的音乐支架的衍射效果，而STAQI将被用作区分声学条件的测量工具。分析将使用一般加法模型和多元自适应回归样条法，旨在为每个STAQI因素选择最优预测因素，并估计所选预测因素的非线性影响和相互作用。确定的最佳参数将通过分析音乐家在表演后立即进行的感知评估以及对他们表演本身的影响进行交叉验证，两者都强调了这些参数所代表的舞台声学特征的相关性。

The project "Raumakustik und musikalische Interpretation", of which a final report is presented, has investigated if and in what way the acoustic conditions during a musical performance influence the way of playing and singing of instrumental and vocal performers with respect to tempo, dynamics and timbral rendition. It has not only shown which general interrelationships exist, and to what extent these depend on the musical instrument and on the personality of the individual musician. The project has also delivered a Stage Acoustical Quality Inventory (STAQI), i.e., a consensus vocabulary of room acoustical qualities from the perspective of musicians consisting of 17 items and 5 factors. The continuation proposal presented aims at identifying room acoustical parameters which can serve as technical predictors for these qualities. While the limited validity of the two parameters currently suggested in ISO 3382-1 for stage conditions is widely acknowledged, a variety of new parameters were suggested during the last two decades, none of which, however, has found its way into room acoustic planning so far. The present project aims to take a decisive step in this direction by creating a large stimulus pool for the assessment of stage acoustic conditions for different musical ensemble types (solo / chamber music / symphony orchestra) with different musicians and different musical repertoire on the basis of systematically varied acoustic conditions. These systematic variations will be realized with advanced room acoustic simulation and dynamic binaural synthesis, with particular attention to diffraction effects by musicians and music stands on stage, while the STAQI will be used as a measuring instrument for a differentiated assessment of the acoustic conditions. The analysis will use General Additive Models and Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines aiming at selecting optimal predictors for each STAQI factor and estimating also non-linear effects and interactions of the selected predictors. The best parameters identified will be cross-validated by analyzing the perceptual assessments of musicians immediately after their performance as well as the effect on their performance itself, both underlining the relevance of the stage acoustical features represented by these parameters.