RAPID: COVID-19, Consumption, and Multi-dimensional Analysis of Risk (C-CAR)

2019冠状病毒病大流行改变了家庭动态，极大地改变了家庭内的食物、能源和水消耗。居家令和保持社交距离已经导致美国家庭转向在家工作和上学，减少户外活动，并停止在餐馆吃饭。此外，由于许多家庭面临失业，家庭公用事业和杂货账单不断增加，美国居民正在经历危机的经济影响，同时评估和应对健康风险。项目团队有一个独特的机会来研究这些不断变化的家庭消费和行为反应，并量化相关的经济和环境影响。该团队将收集来自中西部一个县180个参与家庭的食品、能源和水消耗数据以及调查回应数据，并将其与“居家令”实施前收集的数据进行比较。在以前进行的月度调查中增加了一些问题，以研究参与者对COVID-19的看法和行为反应，包括家庭消费习惯和旅行行为的变化、信息来源以及健康风险的看法和反应。有了这些数据，该小组将能够及时得出研究结果，为当前和未来的应对政策提供信息，以确保在发生公共卫生危机时的粮食、能源和水安全。这是同类研究中的第一个，它将调查家庭行为如何对突发的外生事件（如流行病）做出反应，这些变化随时间的持续存在，以及不断变化的消费动态对环境的影响。结果将提供新的见解纵向过程在家庭意义，风险反应，危机下的行为改变和持久性。具体而言，这些数据可以深入了解：(1)大流行如何影响家庭消费和与COVID-19相关的行为反应，以及这些变化随着时间的推移会持续多久；Ii)消费模式变化对环境的影响，以及如果这种变化持续下去会产生的影响；行为反应如何根据社会人口统计、风险感知、信息网络和机构信任而变化；iv)对流行病的认知和应对如何与气候变化等其他社会环境风险相关的认知和应对相关联。这项研究的结果将提高人们对如何识别和解决美国居民在这场危机中面临的物质和情感风险的理解。识别家庭经济状况的变化以及粮食、能源和水供应方面的挑战，可以提高集体能力，帮助家庭应对这些当前挑战，减轻未来供应系统受到的冲击。此外，经验证据表明，消费变化有利于环境，家庭可以很容易地适应其日常生活，这可能为实现可持续性的潜在途径提供重要见解。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The COVID-19 pandemic has transformed household dynamics and dramatically changed food, energy, and water consumption within the home. Stay-at-home orders and social distancing has caused U.S. households to shift to working and schooling from home, curtail outside activities, and stop eating in restaurants. Furthermore, as many households face job loss and increasing home utility and grocery bills, U.S. residents are experiencing the economic impacts of the crisis, while at the same time assessing and responding to health risks. The project team has a unique opportunity to study these shifting household consumption and behavioral responses and quantify the associated economic and environmental impacts. The team will collect household food, energy, and water consumption data as well as survey response data from 180 participating households in one Midwestern county and compare it to data collected before the stay-at-home orders were put in place. Questions are being added to previously administered monthly surveys to study participants regarding their perceptions and behavioral responses to COVID-19, including changes in household consumption habits and travel behavior, information sources, and health risk perceptions and responses. With this data, the team will be able to produce timely research results that inform current and future response policies to ensure food, energy, and water security in times of public health crises.This first-of-its-kind study will investigate how household behavior changes in response to sudden exogenous events like pandemics, the persistence of those changes over time, and the environmental impacts of changing consumption dynamics. Results will offer novel insights on longitudinal processes in household sense-making, risk response, behavior change under crisis, and persistence. Specifically, the data can provide insight into i) how the pandemic is shaping household consumption and COVID-19 related behavioral responses, and the persistence of these changes over time; ii) the environmental impacts of changing consumption patterns, and the implications if changes persist; iii) how behavioral responses vary based on socio- demographics, perceptions of risks, information networks, and institutional trust; and iv) how pandemic perceptions and responses correlate with those associated with other socio- environmental risks such as climate change. Outcomes from this study will improve understanding of how to identify and address the material and emotional risks U.S. residents are facing under this crisis. Identifying changes in household economics and challenges to provisioning food, energy, and water can improve the collective ability to aid households in responding to these ongoing challenges and mitigate future shocks to supply systems. In addition, empirical evidence of consumption changes that benefit the environment and that households can readily adapt into their routines may provide important insights on potential pathways towards sustainability.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.