Southern Ocean Biogeochemistry Control on Short-Lived Ozone-Depleting Substances and Impacts on the Climate System

一类小分子、寿命极短的物质（VSLS，如CHBr3、CH2Br2和CH3I）是气候系统的重要组成部分，如多边环境《关于消耗臭氧层物质的蒙特利尔议定书》所述，它们是对流层臭氧破坏者。南大洋是气候系统的关键组成部分，在其他全球生物地球化学循环中发挥着关键作用。该项目将使用NSF/NCAR社区地球系统模型（CESM）和新开发的在线海气交换框架，评估南大洋和南半球VSLS海洋源的生物地球化学控制。将使用机器学习方法将海洋生物地球化学与这些化合物的海气交换结合起来。VSLS的各种海洋和大气观测将用于评估一个独特的海洋VSLS清单。特别是，最近的ORCAS实地活动提供了一个独特的机会来检查南大洋VSLS的排放，以及它们对海洋生物地球化学、气象和海冰循环的影响。该项目还将支持一名博士后早期职业研究人员，该项目的具体工作是STEM教育和公众宣传活动。研究团队将向高中生和本科生提供机会，使他们能够获得海洋和大气耦合科学方面的经验，包括接触编程和建模方面的经验。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

A class of small molecules, very short-lived substances (VSLS; e.g. CHBr3,CH2Br2, and CH3I) are important components in the climate system where they act as tropospheric ozone destroyers as described in the multilateral environmental Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. The Southern Ocean represents a key component in the climate system and has a critical role in other global biogeochemical cycles.This project will use the NSF/NCAR Community Earth System Model (CESM) with a newly developed online air-sea exchange framework, to evaluate biogeochemical controls on the marine sources of VSLS in the Southern Ocean as well as the Southern Hemisphere. A machine-learning approach will be used to couple ocean biogeochemistry with air-sea exchange for these compounds. A variety of oceanic and atmospheric observations of VSLS will be used to evaluate a unique oceanic VSLS inventory. In particular, the recent ORCAS field campaign provides a unique opportunity to examine Southern Ocean VSLS emissions, and their impacts from ocean biogeochemistry, meteorology and sea ice cycles. The project will also support a postdoctoral early-career researcher, and a specific effort of this project is STEM education and public outreach activities. The research team will extend opportunities to high school and undergraduate students so they may gain experience in the coupled ocean and atmospheric sciences, including exposure to and experience in programming and modeling.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.