CAREER: Observational Constraints on Neighborhood-level Air Quality in Major United States cities and Dakar, Senegal

该项目旨在促进对美国各地城市和塞内加尔达喀尔市空气污染物可变性的来源和影响的了解。城市污染物分布的变异性表明，污染物暴露与邻里人口结构的不平等，导致健康和预期寿命的显著差异。计划在达喀尔开展实地工作，在物理和社会科学家参与的国际合作中对美国和塞内加尔学生进行培训。将整合一系列数据集，包括新颖的高空间分辨率二氧化氮(NO2)空中光谱仪观测、基于卫星的NO2柱、对许多痕量物种的现场飞机测量、基于车辆的现场观测、陆基NO2柱，以及美国和塞内加尔的人口数据集。这项工作将进一步扩大NO2卫星遥感的应用，以研究对城市内部时空变化的控制，特别是在它导致空气污染不平等的情况下，并通过使用新的预测变量数据集和对平日和周末之间的污染物时间变化的约束，推进土地利用回归建模方法。教育和推广活动与研究主题保持一致，包括开发中学空气污染体验式课程，当STEM被框定为环境正义的工具时，该课程探索学生在STEM中的动机；开发关于西非城市空气污染的跨学科和国际本科生和研究生课程；创建视觉吸引力的API，描述至少20个美国城市和达喀尔全市的NO2差异，以英语、西班牙语、法语和沃尔夫的数据和代码共享和教育内容为特色。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The project seeks to advance understanding of sources and impacts of variability of air pollutants in cities across the U.S. and in the city of Dakar, Senegal. Variability in urban pollutant distributions have shown to result in inequality in pollutant exposure with neighborhood demographics, resulting in significant disparities in health and life expectancy. Field work is planned in Dakar that will lead to the training of U.S. and Senegalese students in an international collaboration involving physical and social scientists. Education and outreach activities are planned for middle school to university level students, as well as the general public.A range of datasets will be integrated, including novel high spatial resolution nitrogen dioxide (NO2) airborne spectrometer observations, satellite-based NO2 columns, in situ aircraft measurements of numerous trace species, vehicle-based in situ observations, ground-based NO2 columns, and U.S. and Senegalese demographic datasets. The work will further expand the application of NO2 satellite remote sensing to study controls over intra-urban spatiotemporal variability, especially as it results in air pollution inequality, and advance land-use regression modeling methods through the use of new predictor variable datasets and constraints on pollutant temporal variability between weekdays and weekends. Educational and outreach activities align with research themes, including the development of a middle school experiential air pollution curriculum that explores student motivation in STEM when STEM is framed as a tool for environmental justice, the development of an interdisciplinary and international undergraduate and graduate course on West African urban air pollution, and the creation of a visually-appealing API depicting city-wide NO2 disparities in at least twenty U.S. cities and Dakar, featuring data and code sharing and educational content in English, Spanish, French, and Wolof.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.