A Search For Failed Supernovae and Other Observational Constraints on the Supernova Mechanism

寻找失败的超新星和超新星机制的其他观测限制

• 批准号: 2307385
• 负责人: Christopher Kochanek
• 金额: $ 41.23万
• 依托单位: Ohio State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-10-01 至 2026-09-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2307385&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Search; Failed; Supernovae; Other; Observational

A research team at the Ohio State University will carry out a project to better understand the fates of massive stars and the formation of black holes using a multifaceted observational and theoretical approach. Understanding the formation of black holes is of enormous importance as scientists detect more black hole mergers with gravitational wave instruments. The centerpiece is a unique project using the twin 8.4m Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) to monitor all the massive, evolved stars in 27 nearby star-forming galaxies. The primary goals of the project are to (1) Measure the fraction of massive star core collapses that fail, producing a black hole without a supernova (SN) explosion, and characterize the properties of these failed supernovae; (2) Measure the properties of SN progenitors, in particular with pioneering studies of their variability; and (3) Characterize the multiplicity of stars just before and after death. While doing so, the project will advance the training of students and postdoctoral researchers and broaden the public’s understanding and interest in science, aided by their fascination with stars and their complicated roads to death.Searches for the progenitors of SNe are finding a deficit of high mass progenitors. This problem can be solved if 20% of core collapses fail and produce a black hole without a SN explosion. This failed SN fraction also naturally explains the compact object mass function. The research team has already identified one excellent candidate, implying a failure fraction of 16%. During the current project they will further confirm this candidate, identify others, and better constrain the fraction of core collapses that fail. Very few SN progenitors are well characterized, making it difficult to determine the mapping between progenitors and outcomes. The project will characterize progenitors of SN in the LBT survey, pioneer constraints on the progenitors of Galactic supernovae, and better characterize and improve constraints on progenitors using local stellar populations. Multiplicity and binary interactions are crucial to understanding anything about the evolution of massive stars, supernovae and gravitational wave merger events. The project will expand on pioneering studies constraining the multiplicity of stars just before and after their deaths, in particular by accurately determining the distances to Galactic SN remnants. This award advances the goals of the Windows on the Universe Big Idea.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

俄亥俄州立大学的一个研究团队将通过多方面的观察和理论方法更好地了解大型恒星的命运和黑洞的形成。当科学家发现更多黑洞合并与重力波仪器时，了解黑洞的形成至关重要。该核心是一个独特的项目，使用Twin 84m大双筒望远镜（LBT）来监视附近27个恒星形成星系中的所有巨大，进化的恒星。该项目的主要目标是（1）测量失败的巨大恒星核心崩溃的比例，在没有超新星（SN）爆炸的情况下产生黑洞，并表征这些失败的超新星的性质； （2）测量SN祖细胞的特性，尤其是对它们可变性的开创性研究； （3）在死亡之前和之后表征恒星的多样性。在这样做的同时，该项目将推进对学生和博士后研究人员的培训，并在对明星的迷恋及其复杂的死亡道路的帮助下，扩大公众对科学的理解和兴趣。如果20％的核心崩溃失败并产生一个没有SN爆炸的黑洞，则可以解决此问题。失败的SN分数自然也解释了紧凑的对象质量函数。研究小组已经确定了一位出色的候选人，这意味着失败的分数为16％。在当前的项目中，他们将进一步确认该候选人，确定其他候选人，并更好地限制失败的核心崩溃的一部分。很少有SN祖细胞的特征很好，因此很难确定祖细胞和结果之间的映射。该项目将在LBT调查中表征SN的祖细胞，对银河超新星祖细胞的开拓性限制，并更好地表征和改善使用局部恒星种群对祖细胞的约束。多样性和二元相互作用对于理解大型恒星，超新星和引力波合并事件的进化至关重要。该项目将扩大开拓性研究，限制死亡前后恒星的多样性，尤其是通过准确确定银河系残留物的距离。该奖项促进了宇宙大意上的窗户的目标。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响评估标准来诚实地通过评估来诚实地支持。