A Search For Failed Supernovae and Other Observational Constraints on the Supernova Mechanism

寻找失败的超新星和超新星机制的其他观测限制

• 批准号: 1814440
• 负责人: Christopher Kochanek
• 金额: $ 29.17万
• 依托单位: Ohio State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-01 至 2022-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1814440&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Search; Failed; Supernovae; Other; Observational

Astronomers know that all massive stars (stars more than eight times the mass of our Sun) must collapse when their cores become mostly iron and they can no longer generate energy through nuclear fusion. In most cases, this collapse leads to a supernova (SN) explosion, but it is believed that some stars collapse directly to a black hole without exploding, an outcome known as a "failed supernova." A research group at the Ohio State University will use a multifaceted observational and theoretical approach to better understand the fates of massive stars and the formation of black holes. To do this, they will use the twin 8.4-meter Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) to monitor all of the massive, mature stars in 27 nearby star-forming galaxies. This will allow them to confirm the first candidate failed supernova, measure the properties of SN progenitors, and explore the boundary between the faintest SNe and stellar outbursts. While doing so, the project will advance the training of students and broaden the public's understanding and interest in the science of stars and their complicated roads to death.Searches for the progenitors of SNe are finding a deficit of high mass progenitors. This deficit can be explained if about 20% of core collapses fail and produce a black hole without a SN explosion. This failed SN fraction also naturally explains the compact object mass function. Very few SN progenitors are well characterized, making it difficult to determine the mapping between progenitors and outcomes. The Ohio State program will yield roughly one well-characterized progenitor each year. It will also pioneer the study of low-level progenitor variability, as a balance to SN searches that are detecting small numbers of bright outbursts shortly before SN explosions. This project will also explore the late time properties and evolution of mysterious, low luminosity, SN-like objects, and may validate modern theoretical surveys of core collapse outcomes that suggest weak SN occur in several different mass ranges.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

天文学家知道，当它们的核心大部分是铁成为铁时，所有巨大的恒星（恒星超过我们太阳的质量超过八倍）都必须倒塌，并且无法通过核融合产生能量。 在大多数情况下，这种崩溃会导致超新星（SN）爆炸，但据信，有些恒星直接倒在黑洞中而不会爆炸，这是一种被称为“失败的超新星”的结果。 俄亥俄州立大学的研究小组将使用多方面的观察和理论方法更好地了解大型恒星的命运和黑洞的形成。 为此，他们将使用双8.4米大的双眼望远镜（LBT）来监视附近27个恒星形成星系中的所有巨大，成熟的恒星。 这将使他们能够确认第一个候选人失败的超新星，测量SN祖细胞的特性，并探索最微弱的SNE和恒星爆发之间的边界。 在这样做的同时，该项目将进步对学生的培训，并扩大公众对恒星科学及其复杂死亡道路的理解和兴趣。如果大约20％的核心崩溃失败并产生一个没有SN爆炸的黑洞，则可以解释这种赤字。失败的SN分数自然也解释了紧凑的对象质量函数。 很少有SN祖细胞的特征很好，因此很难确定祖细胞和结果之间的映射。俄亥俄州立大学计划每年将产生大约一个良好的祖先。 它还将开创低级祖细胞变异性的研究，这是SN搜索的平衡，这些搜索在SN爆炸前不久就检测到少量明亮爆发。 该项目还将探索神秘，低亮度，类似SN的对象的晚期属性和演变，并可能验证现代的理论调查核心崩溃结果，这些结果表明SN在几个不同的大规模范围内发生。该奖项反映了NSF的法规任务，并认为通过基金会的知识优点和广泛的crietia crietia crietia criteria criter criteria criteria criter criteria criteria criteria criteria crietia criteria crietia crietia又值得通过评估。

项目成果

Early-time Light Curves of Type Ia Supernovae Observed with TESS

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abcd42
• 发表时间: 2021-02
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: M. Fausnaugh;P. Vallely;C. Kochanek;B. Shappee;K. Stanek;M. A.Tucker;G. Ricker;R. Vanderspek;D. Latham;S. Seager;J. Winn;J. Jenkins;T. Daylan;J. Doty;G. Furesz;A. Levine;R. Morris;A. Pál;L. Sha;E. Ting;B. Wohler

Investigating the Nature of the Luminous Ambiguous Nuclear Transient ASASSN-17jz

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac74b9
• 发表时间: 2021-09
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: T. Holoien;J. Neustadt;P. Vallely;K. Auchettl;J. Hinkle;C. Romero-Cañizales;B. Shappee;C. Kochanek;K. Stanek;Ping Chen;S. Dong;J. Prieto;T. Thompson;T. Brink;A. Filippenko;Wei Zheng;D. Bersier;S. Bose;A. Burgasser;S. Channa;T. de Jaeger;J. Hestenes;M. Im;Benjamin T. Jeffers;H. Jun;G. Lansbury;R. Post;Timothy Ross;D. Stern;Kevin Tang;M. Tucker;S. Valenti;Sameen Yunus;Keto D. Zhang

The LBT satellites of Nearby Galaxies Survey (LBT-SONG): the satellite population of NGC 628

• DOI: 10.1093/mnras/staa3246
• 发表时间: 2020-03
• 期刊: arXiv: Astrophysics of Galaxies
• 作者: A Bianca Davis;A. Nierenberg;A. Peter;C. Garling;J. Greco;C. Kochanek;D. Utomo;K. Casey

A Catalog of M-dwarf Flares with ASAS-SN

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab793a
• 发表时间: 2019-12
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: R. Rodríguez Martínez;L. Lopez;B. Shappee;S. Schmidt;T. Jayasinghe;C. Kochanek;K. Auchettl;T. Hol

The search for failed supernovae with the Large Binocular Telescope: a new candidate and the failed SN fraction with 11 yr of data

用大型双筒望远镜寻找失败的超新星：新的候选者和失败的超新星分数与 11 年的数据

• DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stab2605
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: Neustadt, J M;Kochanek, C S;Stanek, K Z;Basinger, C;Jayasinghe, T;Garling, C T;Adams, S M;Gerke, J
• 通讯作者: Gerke, J