A Search For Failed Supernovae and Other Observational Constraints on the Supernova Mechanism

寻找失败的超新星和超新星机制的其他观测限制

• 批准号: 1814440
• 负责人: Christopher Kochanek
• 金额: $ 29.17万
• 依托单位: Ohio State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-01 至 2022-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1814440&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Search; Failed; Supernovae; Other; Observational

Astronomers know that all massive stars (stars more than eight times the mass of our Sun) must collapse when their cores become mostly iron and they can no longer generate energy through nuclear fusion. In most cases, this collapse leads to a supernova (SN) explosion, but it is believed that some stars collapse directly to a black hole without exploding, an outcome known as a "failed supernova." A research group at the Ohio State University will use a multifaceted observational and theoretical approach to better understand the fates of massive stars and the formation of black holes. To do this, they will use the twin 8.4-meter Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) to monitor all of the massive, mature stars in 27 nearby star-forming galaxies. This will allow them to confirm the first candidate failed supernova, measure the properties of SN progenitors, and explore the boundary between the faintest SNe and stellar outbursts. While doing so, the project will advance the training of students and broaden the public's understanding and interest in the science of stars and their complicated roads to death.Searches for the progenitors of SNe are finding a deficit of high mass progenitors. This deficit can be explained if about 20% of core collapses fail and produce a black hole without a SN explosion. This failed SN fraction also naturally explains the compact object mass function. Very few SN progenitors are well characterized, making it difficult to determine the mapping between progenitors and outcomes. The Ohio State program will yield roughly one well-characterized progenitor each year. It will also pioneer the study of low-level progenitor variability, as a balance to SN searches that are detecting small numbers of bright outbursts shortly before SN explosions. This project will also explore the late time properties and evolution of mysterious, low luminosity, SN-like objects, and may validate modern theoretical surveys of core collapse outcomes that suggest weak SN occur in several different mass ranges.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

天文学家知道，所有大质量恒星（质量超过太阳八倍的恒星）在其核心主要变成铁并且无法再通过核聚变产生能量时必须崩溃。 在大多数情况下，这种坍缩会导致超新星（SN）爆炸，但据信有些恒星会直接坍缩成黑洞而不爆炸，这种结果被称为“失败的超新星”。“俄亥俄州州立大学的一个研究小组将使用多方面的观测和理论方法来更好地了解大质量恒星的命运和黑洞的形成。 为此，他们将使用双8.4米大型双筒望远镜（LBT）来监测附近27个恒星形成星系中的所有大质量成熟恒星。 这将使他们能够确认第一个候选失败的超新星，测量SN祖先的属性，并探索最微弱的SNe和恒星爆发之间的边界。 在这样做的同时，该项目将促进学生的培训，扩大公众对恒星科学及其复杂的死亡之路的理解和兴趣。如果大约20%的核心坍缩失败并产生一个黑洞而没有SN爆炸，那么这种缺陷就可以解释。这个失败的SN分数也自然地解释了致密天体的质量函数。 非常少的SN祖细胞被很好地表征，使得难以确定祖细胞和结果之间的映射。俄亥俄州的计划将产生大约一个良好的特点祖每年。 它还将率先研究低水平的祖先变异性，作为对SN搜索的平衡，SN搜索正在检测SN爆炸前不久的少量明亮爆发。 该项目还将探索神秘、低光度、类SN天体的晚期性质和演化，并可能验证核心坍缩结果的现代理论调查，这些调查表明弱SN发生在几个不同的质量范围内。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。

项目成果

The Blue Supergiant Progenitor of the Supernova Imposter AT 2019krl

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac09e1
• 发表时间: 2020-09
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: J. Andrews;J. Jencson;S. V. van Dyk;N. Smith;J. Neustadt;D. Sand;K. Kreckel;C. Kochanek;S. Va

The LBT satellites of Nearby Galaxies Survey (LBT-SONG): the satellite population of NGC 628

• DOI: 10.1093/mnras/staa3246
• 发表时间: 2020-03
• 期刊: arXiv: Astrophysics of Galaxies
• 作者: A Bianca Davis;A. Nierenberg;A. Peter;C. Garling;J. Greco;C. Kochanek;D. Utomo;K. Casey

The search for failed supernovae with the Large Binocular Telescope: a new candidate and the failed SN fraction with 11 yr of data

用大型双筒望远镜寻找失败的超新星：新的候选者和失败的超新星分数与 11 年的数据

• DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stab2605
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: Neustadt, J M;Kochanek, C S;Stanek, K Z;Basinger, C;Jayasinghe, T;Garling, C T;Adams, S M;Gerke, J
• 通讯作者: Gerke, J

Investigating the Nature of the Luminous Ambiguous Nuclear Transient ASASSN-17jz

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac74b9
• 发表时间: 2021-09
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: T. Holoien;J. Neustadt;P. Vallely;K. Auchettl;J. Hinkle;C. Romero-Cañizales;B. Shappee;C. Kochanek;K. Stanek;Ping Chen;S. Dong;J. Prieto;T. Thompson;T. Brink;A. Filippenko;Wei Zheng;D. Bersier;S. Bose;A. Burgasser;S. Channa;T. de Jaeger;J. Hestenes;M. Im;Benjamin T. Jeffers;H. Jun;G. Lansbury;R. Post;Timothy Ross;D. Stern;Kevin Tang;M. Tucker;S. Valenti;Sameen Yunus;Keto D. Zhang

A Catalog of M-dwarf Flares with ASAS-SN

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab793a
• 发表时间: 2019-12
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: R. Rodríguez Martínez;L. Lopez;B. Shappee;S. Schmidt;T. Jayasinghe;C. Kochanek;K. Auchettl;T. Hol