Analysing trade-offs between the energy and social performance of urban morphologies

城市规划决策通常具有长期影响，既影响能源性能，也影响人们的体验和城市的外观。一旦城市或城区建成，这些地区的问题开始出现，改善往往只能缓解症状，很少解决根本问题。因此，在规划过程中尽早适当地解决这些问题是非常重要的。今天的城市设计目标往往把能源效率放在首位。但是，仅仅考虑能源性能并不能使城市环境变得宜居和可持续。除了生态层面，可持续设计还必须考虑社会层面。然而，这往往难以操作，特别是在规划阶段，因此并不总是得到充分考虑。在此背景下，可持续城市规划的一个尚未解决的问题是从社会意义上解释城市结构，并从社会和能源性能相关方面系统地评估城市设计方案。在本项目中，我们将研究城市结构的能源性能方面与居民对城市的感知之间的关系。在第一步中，我们的项目集中在评估苏黎世和魏玛示范城市结构的社会和能源性能数据。为此，我们开发的方法，首先测量的情感影响的空间结构定量的实证研究的基础上，其次扩展现有的基于计算机的分析方法，以新的方面。对于能量分析，我们借鉴了现有的方法。在第二步中，我们根据社会和能源相关方面的城市结构进行比较，通过相关的实证数据与基于计算机的分析结果。基于这种比较的结果，可以从用户行为和感知等社会方面解释城市结构的计算措施。在第三步中，我们利用这一点来开发方法，以找到最佳的折衷解决方案，同时满足社会和能源性能方面的要求。在我们的研究中，我们专注于城市规划中的两个核心领域：街道网络的定义和建筑物的分布，这被统称为城市形态。本项目的结果使其成为可能，使用基于计算机的分析方法和简单的设计模型，预测规划决策的社会和能源性能的影响，并制定两个维度的妥协。随着城市化的发展，这些规划方面对于确保可持续的城市规划至关重要。

Urban planning decisions usually have long-term implications that affect both the energy performance, as well as people's experience and the appearance of a city. Once a city or urban quarter is built and problems in these areas start to arise, improvements can often only relieve the symptoms, and rarely address the roots. It is therefore important to address these issues appropriately and early in the planning process.Today's urban design goals often put energy efficiency in the foreground. But energy performance considerations alone do not make livable and sustainable urban environments. In addition to the ecological dimension, sustainable design must likewise consider the social dimension. However, this is often difficult to operationalize, especially in the planning phase, and is consequently not always sufficiently taken into account. In this context, an unsolved problem for sustainable urban planning is to interpret urban structures in terms of their social implications and to systematically evaluate urban design proposals in terms of their social and energy performance related aspects.In this project we will investigate the relationships between energy performance aspects of urban structures and the perception of a city by its inhabitants. In the first step, our project is focused on the assessment of social and energy performance data of exemplary urban structures in Zurich and Weimar. To this end, we develop methods to firstly measure the emotional impact of spatial structures quantitatively based on empirical studies and secondly to extend the existing computer-based analytical methods to new aspects. For the energy analysis, we draw on existing methods. In the second step, we compare urban structures according to social and energy-related aspects by correlating the empirical data with the results of computer-based analyses. Based on the results of this comparison it is possible to interpret the calculated measures for urban structures in terms of social aspects such as user behavior and perception. In the third step, we draw on this to develop methods to find the best compromise solutions that fulfill social and energy performance aspects equally well. In our study we focus on two central fields of action in urban planning: the definition of street networks and the distribution of building masses, which are collectively referred to as urban morphology.The results of this project make it possible, using computer-based analysis methods and simple design models, to forecast the social and energy performance implications of planning decisions, and to develop compromises for both dimensions. These planning aspects are crucial to ensure sustainable urban planning as urbanization increases.