RAPID: Disparities in Business and Nonprofit Impact and Recovery from Hurricane Harvey, COVID-19, and Hurricane Laura

随着灾害的频繁发生，减少灾害对企业和非营利组织的影响变得越来越重要。然而，对各种组织类型的灾难影响和恢复的理解仍然相对有限。例如，虽然已观察到妇女、退伍军人或少数种族拥有的组织在恢复方面存在差异，但其基本机制尚未得到很好的确立。此外，对企业和非营利组织如何从多重和级联影响中恢复的理解（例如飓风之后是流行病，然后是另一个飓风）也才刚刚开始发展。这个快速反应研究（Rapid）项目扩展了飓风哈维之后进行的初步研究，以检查灾害影响，包括累积影响，以及与当前大流行和墨西哥湾沿岸其他沿海风暴相关的不同恢复过程。研究结果将对改进组织生存和恢复战略产生影响，为协调外展和教育项目提供证据，以支持组织规划和适应，并使跨案例研究成为可能。本研究从社会脆弱性的角度，整合灾后恢复的理论与研究成果。研究小组将在地理和概念上扩展之前在哈维飓风后对营利性和非营利组织的调查和访谈，收集在德克萨斯州博蒙特、德克萨斯州亚瑟港和洛杉矶查尔斯湖的2019冠状病毒病和飓风劳拉期间组织绩效的数据。本研究将检验社会脆弱性因素如何影响组织的影响、生存和恢复、控制资源、组织特征、损害和适应性行动。它还将研究组织恢复的差异如何通过多个事件传播，控制资源，组织特征，损害和适应性行动。该团队在博蒙特和亚瑟港进行了灾前调查和样本验证，测试了该地区的调查方法和最佳实践，并管理了针对该情况量身定制的先前的多灾害调查，因此能够快速收集数据。这个研究小组将努力迅速收集数据，以尽量减少幸存者偏见（即，在一些脆弱的组织失败之前，因此没有在研究样本中代表）。结果将与累积灾害影响和适应、社会脆弱性和组织连续性的文献相关。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Reducing the effects of disasters on businesses and nonprofits is growing in importance as disasters are more frequent. However, understanding of disaster impacts and recovery across a variety of organizational types is still relatively limited. For example, while disparities in recovery for organizations owned by women, veterans, or racial minorities have been observed, the underlying mechanisms are not well established. In addition, understanding of how businesses and nonprofits recover from multiple and cascading impacts (such as hurricanes followed by a pandemic followed by another hurricane) is also only beginning to develop. This Rapid Response Research (RAPID) project extends preliminary research conducted following Hurricane Harvey to examine disaster impacts, including cumulative impacts, and disparate recovery processes associated with the current pandemic and additional coastal storms along the Gulf Coast. Findings will have implications for improved strategies for organizational survival and recovery, provide evidence that can be used for coordinated outreach and educational programs to support organizational planning and adaptation, and enable cross-case research.This study integrates theory and findings from the disaster recovery literature with a social vulnerability perspective. The research team will geographically and conceptually expand beyond previous surveys and interviews of for-profit and nonprofit organizations after Hurricane Harvey, collecting data on organizational performance during COVID-19 and Hurricane Laura in Beaumont, TX, Port Arthur, TX, and Lake Charles, LA. The study will test how social vulnerability factors affect organizational impacts, survival, and recovery, controlling for resources, organizational characteristics, damage, and adaptive actions. It will also examine how disparities in organizational recovery propagate through multiple events, controlling for resources, organizational characteristics, damage, and adaptive actions. The team is uniquely poised to collect data quickly as it has conducted pre-disaster survey and sample verification in Beaumont and Port Arthur, tested survey methodology and best practices for this region, and has administered a previous multi-hazard survey that can be tailored for this context. This research team will work to gather data quickly in order to minimize survivor bias (i.e., before some of the vulnerable organizations fail and therefore are not represented in the study sample). Results will be relevant to the literature on cumulative disaster impacts and adaptation, social vulnerability, and organizational continuity.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.