Iron Age landscapes on th estraits of Gibraltar: the territories of La Silla de Papa and Los Castillejos de Alcorrín (ninth to the first century BC)

该项目的起点是由一个法国-西班牙小组和一个德国-西班牙小组在直布罗陀海峡北侧相距40公里的两个最大的铁器时代定居点进行的挖掘：塔里法（加迪斯）的La Silla del Papa和马尼尔瓦（马拉加）的Los Castillejos de Alcorrín。这两座山丘是在腓尼基人在西部的第一个殖民地建立时建立的，它们控制着一个沿海地区，同时又远离海岸。它们都引起了同样的问题，即在高度分隔的地区构建领土，海洋传统与防御问题之间的紧张关系，渔业资源开发与土地的农牧利用之间的互补性。最后，这两个地点都有混合社区，既有腓尼基人的成分，也有土著人的成分，目的是更深入地共同研究这些地点在其环境中的空间分析：精确划分栖息地，确定领土标记（塔楼、葬礼纪念碑）、墓地位置、采石场位置、古环境重建、与港口遗址联系的展示，评估农牧资源，估计所需地形的大小。换句话说，它涉及到超越考古遗址，了解它融入特定区域的方式，一方面考虑到自然环境的限制，另一方面考虑到其居民制定的战略，特别是，这项工作将采用涉及地质考古学和空间考古学的方法，在各种规模上进行，基于最先进的方法：通过无人驾驶飞机上的机载传感器获取空间数据，并辅以使用地球物理方法和钻井顺序获得的地下信息。该项目将依靠获得的知识，以开发创新技术。因此，对于地形部分，选定的地点将作为使用热成像仪和无人驾驶飞机携带的激光雷达的试验区;对于地质考古学部分，为了巩固14 C测年或补充缺乏有机质的沉积层中的14 C测年，将采用光释光测年技术（由科隆发光实验室进行）。2这两个研究区将采用相同的研究程序。汇集两个伙伴在真正一体化的协作中开发的技术手段和方法将是这一项目的口号，该项目以两个协调员之间多年的联合项目经验为基础。这种协同作用是一个开创性项目成功的保证，这在西班牙南部是前所未有的，不可能由任何两个合作伙伴独立发起。

This project has as its starting point the excavations carried out by a Franco-Spanish team and by a German-Spanish team on the two largest Iron Age settlements of the north side of the Strait of Gibraltar, separated by a distance of 40 km: La Silla del Papa in Tarifa (Cadiz) and Los Castillejos de Alcorrín in Manilva (Malaga). These two hill forts, established at the time of the first Phoenician colonial settlements in the West, controlled a coastal area while being set back from the coast themselves. They both give rise to the same questions about the structuring of territories in a highly compartmentalised area, about the tension between a maritime tradition and defensive concerns, about the complementarity between the exploitation of fishing resources and agro-pastoral uses of the land. Lastly, they both harboured hybrid communities, with a mixture of Phoenician and indigenous components.The aim is to jointly examine the spatial analysis of these sites in their environment in greater depth: precise demarcation of the habitat, identification of territorial markers (towers, funeral monuments), location of cemeteries, location of quarries, paleoenvironmental reconstruction, demonstration of links with a port site, assessment of agro-pastoral resources, estimation of the size of the terrain required. In other words, it involves going beyond the archaeological site to understand the way in which it is integrated into a specific area, taking into account, on the one hand, the constraints of the natural environment, and on the other hand the strategies developed by its inhabitants in terms, particularly, of cultural factors relating to their origins.This work will be carried out using an approach involving geoarchaeology and spatial archaeology, on various scales, based on the most advanced methods: acquisition of space data by onboard sensors on drones, complemented by subsurface information obtained using geophysical methods as well as drilling sequences. The project will rest on acquired knowledge in order to develop innovative technologies. Thus, for the topographical component, the selected sites will serve as a test area for the use of a thermal camera and a miniaturised LIDAR carried by a drone; and for the geoarchaeological component, in order to consolidate the dating performed by 14C or to complement the latter in sedimentary layers lacking in organic matter, the technique of OSL dating (carried out by the Cologne Luminescence Lab) will be employed.The same study protocols will be applied to the two study areas. The pooling of technical means and methodologies developed by the two partners in truly integrated collaboration will be the watchword of this project, which is based on many years of experience of joint projects between the two coordinators. This synergy is a guarantee for the success of a ground breaking project, unprecedented in southern Spain, that could not have been initiated independently by any of the two partners.