Collaborative Research: P2C2--ICECAP (ICE age Chemistry And Proxies) Phase-4: Studying Aerosol Transport, Forcing, and Climate Feedbacks during the Common and Last Glacial Eras

该奖项的全部或部分资金来自《2021年美国救援计划法案》(公法117-2)。研究小组一般旨在更全面和定量地了解(1)生物质燃烧的自然和人为驱动因素，以及(2)最近2000年北半球(NH)生物质燃烧与气候之间的联系，以及上一次冰川时代五次丹斯加德-奥施格(D-O)事件期间的快速气候变化。为了实现这些目标，研究小组将对已经存档的冰芯样本进行新的测量，并利用现有的已公布和未公布的冰芯数据，并在模型框架内解释发现，包括使用简单模型和更详细的3-D ICECAP模型进行模拟。研究小组将开发一个北极冰芯阵列，其中包括13个冰芯地点过去2000年的生物质燃烧示踪剂沉积--包括对格陵兰最北端冰盖存档冰芯的新测量--以量化过去两千年来生物质燃烧排放的变化。这个详细的阵列包含了代表欧洲、北美和西伯利亚燃烧的冰芯地点，将有助于评估高纬度NH地区生物质燃烧的区域变化。此外，研究人员将使用ICECAP，其中包括大气化学传输组件(GEOS-Chem)和动态植被和火灾模型(LPJ-LMfire)，以探索生物质燃烧、人类活动和气候变异性之间的联系，以及评估火灾排放对辐射强迫和化学-气候相互作用的影响。生物质燃烧排放通过直接和间接辐射强迫以及火驱动的土地复盖变化改变反照率和水文循环，在气候中发挥重要作用。然而，目前的模式模拟受到与自然和人为气溶胶排放源有关的不确定性的阻碍，特别是在作为评估现代强迫的基线的前工业化时代。越来越多的人认识到，人类改变大气气溶胶的时间远远早于通常使用的1750年CE前的工业化前基线；该项目将有助于改进工业化前气溶胶输送和排放的模式参数化，包括人为和自然来源，以及气溶胶-气候相互作用和上一次冰川时期快速气候变化的反馈。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This award is funded in whole or in part under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (Public Law 117-2).The research team generally aims to develop a more complete and quantitative understanding of (1) natural and anthropogenic drivers of biomass burning, and (2) linkages between Northern Hemisphere (NH) biomass burning and climate over the most recent 2,000 years and rapid climate change during five Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) events of the last glacial era. To accomplish these goals, the research team will make new measurements on already-archived ice core samples and leverage from existing published and unpublished ice core data as well as interpret findings within a model framework, including simulations with both simple models and the more detailed, 3-D ICECAP model.The research team will develop an Arctic ice core array of biomass burning tracer deposition spanning the last 2,000 years from thirteen ice core sites—including new measurements on an archived ice core from the northernmost ice cap of Greenland— to quantify how biomass burning emissions have changed over the past two millennia. This detailed array, which incorporates ice core sites representative of burning in Europe, North America, and Siberia, will aid in the assessment of how biomass burning has changed regionally across the high latitude NH. In addition, the researchers will use ICECAP, which includes an atmospheric chemistry transport component (GEOS-Chem) and a dynamic vegetation and fire model (LPJ-LMfire), to explore links between biomass burning, human activities, and climate variability, as well as to assess the impact of fire emissions on radiative forcing and chemistry-climate interactions.Wildfires are a critical component of the earth system. Biomass burning emissions play an important role in climate through both direct and indirect radiative forcing and fire-driven land cover change alters albedo and the hydrologic cycle. Current model simulations, however, are hampered by uncertainties associated with natural and anthropogenic aerosol emission sources, especially during the preindustrial era which serves as the baseline for assessment of modern forcing. It is increasingly recognized that humans have altered atmospheric aerosols much earlier than the commonly-used preindustrial baseline of 1750 CE; this project will help improve model parameterization of preindustrial aerosol transport and emissions, including from both anthropogenic and natural sources, as well as of aerosol-climate interactions and feedbacks across rapid climate change during the last glacial era.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.