Collaborative Research: P2C2--ICECAP (ICE age Chemistry And Proxies) Phase-4: Studying Aerosol Transport, Forcing, and Climate Feedbacks during the Common and Last Glacial Eras

该奖项由2021年美国救援计划法案提供全部或部分资金（公法117-2）。研究小组的总体目标是对（1）生物质燃烧的自然和人为驱动因素，以及（2）最近2年北方生物质燃烧与气候之间的联系，在末次冰期的五次Dansgaard-Oeschger（D-O）事件期间，气候变化迅速。为了实现这些目标，研究小组将对已经存档的冰芯样本进行新的测量，并利用现有的已发表和未发表的冰芯数据，以及在模型框架内解释结果，包括使用简单模型和更详细的三维ICECAP模型进行模拟。研究小组将开发一个北极冰芯阵列，用于生物质燃烧示踪剂沉积，跨越过去2年，从13个冰芯站点，包括对格陵兰岛最北端冰帽存档冰芯的新测量，以量化生物质燃烧排放在过去两千年中的变化。 这个详细的阵列，其中包括在欧洲，北美和西伯利亚燃烧的冰芯网站的代表，将有助于评估生物质燃烧如何在整个高纬度北卡罗来纳州的区域变化。 此外，研究人员还将使用ICECAP，其中包括一个大气化学传输组件（GEOS-Chem）和一个动态植被和火灾模型（LPJ-LMfire），来探索生物质燃烧，人类活动和气候变化之间的联系，以及评估火灾排放对辐射强迫和化学-气候相互作用的影响。野火是地球系统的重要组成部分。生物质燃烧排放物通过直接和间接辐射强迫和火灾驱动的土地覆盖变化改变植被和水文循环，在气候中发挥重要作用。然而，目前的模式模拟受到与自然和人为气溶胶排放源相关的不确定性的阻碍，特别是在作为现代强迫评估基线的前工业时代。越来越多的人认识到，人类改变大气气溶胶的时间要早于1750年常用的工业化前基线;该项目将有助于改进工业化前气溶胶传输和排放的模型参数化，包括人为和自然来源，以及气溶胶-气候的相互作用和反馈在快速的气候变化在最后一个冰川时代。这个奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为值得支持通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估。

This award is funded in whole or in part under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (Public Law 117-2).The research team generally aims to develop a more complete and quantitative understanding of (1) natural and anthropogenic drivers of biomass burning, and (2) linkages between Northern Hemisphere (NH) biomass burning and climate over the most recent 2,000 years and rapid climate change during five Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) events of the last glacial era. To accomplish these goals, the research team will make new measurements on already-archived ice core samples and leverage from existing published and unpublished ice core data as well as interpret findings within a model framework, including simulations with both simple models and the more detailed, 3-D ICECAP model.The research team will develop an Arctic ice core array of biomass burning tracer deposition spanning the last 2,000 years from thirteen ice core sites—including new measurements on an archived ice core from the northernmost ice cap of Greenland— to quantify how biomass burning emissions have changed over the past two millennia. This detailed array, which incorporates ice core sites representative of burning in Europe, North America, and Siberia, will aid in the assessment of how biomass burning has changed regionally across the high latitude NH. In addition, the researchers will use ICECAP, which includes an atmospheric chemistry transport component (GEOS-Chem) and a dynamic vegetation and fire model (LPJ-LMfire), to explore links between biomass burning, human activities, and climate variability, as well as to assess the impact of fire emissions on radiative forcing and chemistry-climate interactions.Wildfires are a critical component of the earth system. Biomass burning emissions play an important role in climate through both direct and indirect radiative forcing and fire-driven land cover change alters albedo and the hydrologic cycle. Current model simulations, however, are hampered by uncertainties associated with natural and anthropogenic aerosol emission sources, especially during the preindustrial era which serves as the baseline for assessment of modern forcing. It is increasingly recognized that humans have altered atmospheric aerosols much earlier than the commonly-used preindustrial baseline of 1750 CE; this project will help improve model parameterization of preindustrial aerosol transport and emissions, including from both anthropogenic and natural sources, as well as of aerosol-climate interactions and feedbacks across rapid climate change during the last glacial era.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.