CRITICAL EARLY DKIST SCIENCE: FINE STRUCTURE IN UNI-POLAR MAGNETIC FIELDS

该奖项全部或部分根据2021年美国救援计划法案（公法117-2）资助。这个丹尼尔·K. Inouye太阳望远镜（DKIST）第一科学项目的重点是太阳外层大气中的特征，日冕，称为日冕羽流。它们又长又窄，但很明亮，往往在日冕洞（日冕中黑暗和凉爽的区域）附近被看到。羽流被认为是行星际磁场和太阳风的主要来源之一。该项目将使用DKIST前所未有的磁敏感性来检查这些特征，这些特征被认为具有比以前的观测结果更强的磁场。 该项目涉及DKIST关键科学计划研究领域之一。由于这项工作对太阳风和行星际磁场的影响，更广泛的影响包括与国家科学技术理事会的2019年空间天气战略和行动计划的联系。该项目开展空间环境和空间天气驱动因素的基础研究。初步研究发现，美国宇航局太阳动力学天文台（SDO）的极紫外线图像经常显示出嵌入活动区羽斑内部和冕洞羽流足点的小环状特征，尽管在相应的SDO日震和磁成像仪（HMI）磁图中看不到少数极性通量。这表明HMI磁图可能大大低估了谱斑内部少数通量的数量和强大的底层网络。研究小组将使用DKIST的高分辨率磁场数据来解决这一令人困惑的结果。DKIST特别适合这些具有挑战性的观测，因为它有望提供具有上级空间分辨率和最高磁灵敏度的太阳磁场测量。衍射极限近红外光谱偏振仪（DL-NIRSP）将提供近红外光球磁场信息，可见光宽带成像仪（VBI）将以尽可能高的空间和时间分辨率记录DKIST望远镜在390 nm至860 nm波长范围内的图像。尺度磁场和流场。观测证据的存在，这种失踪的小规模的混合极性通量将有重大影响的模型日冕循环，更普遍的是，太阳和恒星日冕加热和太阳风acceleration.This奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得的支持，通过评估使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准。

This award is funded in whole or in part under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (Public Law 117-2). This Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST) First Science project focuses on features in the Sun’s outer atmosphere, the corona, called coronal plumes. They are long and narrow, but bright and tend to be seen near coronal holes (dark and cool regions in the corona). Plumes are considered to be one of the main sources of the interplanetary magnetic field and solar wind. This project will use the unprecedented magnetic sensitivity of DKIST to examine these features, which are believed to have stronger magnetic fields than previous observations indicated. This project addresses one of the DKIST Critical Science Plan Research Areas. Because of the implications of this work for the solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field, the broader impacts include connection to the National Science and Technology Council’s 2019 Space Weather Strategy and Action Plan. This project carries out the basic research in the space environment and drivers of space weather. This project also supports a student intern from a community college and a minority serving institution.Preliminary studies have found that extreme-ultraviolet images from NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) often show small, loop-like features embedded inside active region plages and at the footpoints of coronal hole plumes even though no minority-polarity flux is visible in the corresponding SDO’s Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) magnetograms. This suggests that the HMI magnetograms may be substantially underestimating the amount of minority flux inside plages and the strong underlying network. The research team will use high resolution magnetic field data from the DKIST to address this puzzling result. DKIST is particularly well suited for these challenging observations as it is expected to deliver solar magnetic field measurements with superior spatial resolution and the highest possible magnetic sensitivity. The Diffraction Limited Near Infrared Spectro-polarimeter (DL-NIRSP) will provide photospheric magnetic field information in the near infrared and the Visible Broadband Imager (VBI) will record images from the DKIST telescope at the highest possible spatial and temporal resolution at wavelengths in the range from 390 nm to 860 nm This will be used to find where the loops are embedded within the larger-scale magnetic field and flow field. Observational evidence of the existence of this missing small-scale mixed polarity flux will have major implications for models of coronal loops and, more generally, solar and stellar coronal heating and solar wind acceleration.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.