WoU-MMA: High-Energy Multimessenger Particle Astrophysics

非常高能量的粒子，如中微子、伽马射线和宇宙射线，在地球和太空中都能被探测器观测到。这个项目将开发一个统一的模型，说明在高能事件中所有这些粒子的产生，比如摧毁一颗经过超大质量黑洞附近的恒星，或者在超新星爆炸期间。这项工作可能使人们有可能利用对中微子和伽马射线的多信使观测来更好地了解高能宇宙射线的起源。该项目还将在宾夕法尼亚州立大学的本科生和研究生课程中引入这项研究的概念，并举办为期一天的教育工作者研讨会，旨在让K-12岁的学生接触宇宙射线研究科学。这一奖项推进了宇宙大理想之窗的目标。该项目将开发一种代码，用于计算宇宙线原子核的加速和相互作用产生的次级粒子。然后，它将使用额外的代码来模拟在两种不同类型的高能事件中来自多区域发射区的中微子和伽马射线的传播：潮汐破坏事件和超新星。该项目将对这两类事件中宇宙射线加速的预期中微子和伽马射线特征进行预测，目的是开发对这些源的多信使天文学观点。除了将这项研究纳入宾夕法尼亚州立大学的课程之外，该项目还将开发工具，允许教师模拟该项目中使用的方法的简单版本。这些工具的使用将在为从宾夕法尼亚州立大学附近的乡村学校招聘的教师举办的研讨会上介绍。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Very energetic particles, such as neutrinos, gamma rays, and cosmic rays are seen by detectors on the Earth and in space. This project will develop a unified model of the generation of all of these particles in energetic events such as the destruction of a star passing close to a supermassive black hole, or during supernova explosions. This work may make it possible to use multi-messenger observations of neutrinos and gamma rays to better understand the origin of high energy cosmic rays. The project will also introduce concepts of the research into undergraduate and graduate courses at Penn State, as well as hold a one-day educator workshop aimed at exposing K-12 students to the science of cosmic ray research. This award advances the goals of the Windows on the Universe Big Idea.The project will develop a code for calculating the production of secondaries from the acceleration and interactions of cosmic ray nuclei. It will then use additional codes to model the propagation of neutrinos and gamma rays from multi zone emission areas in two different types of high-energy events: tidal disruption events and supernovae. The project will make predictions of the expected neutrino and gamma ray signatures of the acceleration of cosmic rays in these two types of events with the intent of developing a multi-messenger astronomy view of these sources. In addition to incorporating the research in courses at Penn State, the project will develop tools to allow teachers to simulate a simple version of the methodology used in this project. Use of these tools will be presented at a workshop for teachers recruited from the rural schools adjacent to Penn State.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.