MCA: Modeling Surface Aerodynamic Temperature over Agricultural Fields

该奖项全部或部分由2021年美国救援计划法案（公法117-2）资助。该项目将研究从农田到大气的热传递过程，以改善作物水分利用率（蒸散量，ET）的估计。该项目将在热通量建模工作中整合无人机的三维（3D）作物高度、作物密度和方向、天气数据、风攻角以及作物光反射率和温度图像。准确地建模热通量将促进采用地表能量平衡（EB）模型来绘制ET并改善灌溉管理。三维作物特征及其与风的动态相互作用尚未纳入热通量模型。目前的EB模型使用一维作物特征，往往导致ET估计不准确，这限制了EB模型的普遍适用性。这项研究的好处包括科学表征Ag田的动态热通量，加强研究过程，更新学术课程，培训学生和通过网络研讨会，科学论文和会议演示传播结果。该项目将把现代技术与微气象学，农学，遥感和工程知识相结合，以模拟动态空气动力学温度。两个地点将包括在内，一个在科罗拉多和另一个在西班牙。具体的研究目标是：a）表征作物冠层方向性（3D）结构及其对零平面位移高度、动量传递粗糙度长度、摩擦速度和表面气动阻力的影响，（从给定的攻角）在不同的表面和环境条件下与结构相互作用; B）开发一个农业适用的可靠的表面空气动力学温度模型;以及c）评估导出的感热通量和潜热通量，以确定其准确性，以及相对于现有一维模型的优点和改进。智力优势：这项研究的新奇在于将三维作物特征纳入空气动力学和温度项中，以模拟表面空气动力学温度并准确确定农业感热通量。更广泛的影响：作物蒸散量将得到很好的确定，这将促进全球采用EB算法，以改善水资源管理决策和促进农业可持续性。研究成果将通过科学出版物、会议、网络研讨会和学术课程传播。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This award is funded in whole or in part under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (Public Law 117-2).This project will study the heat transfer process, from agricultural fields into the atmosphere, to improve the estimation of crop water use rates (evapotranspiration, ET). The project will integrate three-dimensional (3D) crop height, crop density and orientation, weather data, wind angle of attack, and crop light reflectance and temperature images, from drones, in the heat flux modeling effort. Modeling heat fluxes accurately will promote the adoption of a land surface energy balance (EB) model to map ET and improve irrigation management. The 3D crop characterization and its dynamic interaction with the wind have not been incorporated in heat flux models yet. Current EB models use one-dimensional crop characteristics, often resulting in ET estimation inaccuracies, which limits the general applicability of EB models. Benefits from this study include the scientific characterization of Ag fields’ dynamic heat fluxes, enhancement of the research process, updating academic courses, training of students and dissemination of results through webinars, scientific papers, and conference presentations.This project will integrate modern technology with knowledge from micro-meteorology, agronomy, remote sensing, and engineering to model a dynamic aerodynamic temperature. Two locations will be included, one in Colorado and another in Spain. The specific research objectives are to: a) characterize crop canopy directional (3D) structures and their effects on the zero-plane displacement height, roughness length for momentum transfer, friction velocity and surface aerodynamic resistance, as the wind (from a given angle of attack) interacts with the structure, under different surface and environmental conditions; b) develop a robust surface aerodynamic temperature model for agricultural applicability; and c) evaluate derived sensible and latent heat fluxes, to determine their accuracy, and advantages and improvements over existing one-dimensional models. Intellectual Merit: The novelty of this study is the incorporation of 3D crop characteristics into aerodynamic and temperature terms to model the surface aerodynamic temperature and accurately determine agricultural sensible heat fluxes. Broader Impacts: crop ET will be well determined, which will promote a global adoption of the EB algorithm to improve water management decision making and foster agricultural sustainability. Research results will be disseminated through scientific publications, conferences, webinars, and academic curricula.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.