Collaborative Proposal: CO2PIP — A Community Project to advance and standardize approaches to paleo-CO2 reconstruction and build the next-generation Phanerozoic record

一个跨学科的研究小组将开发一个最先进的记录大气二氧化碳浓度在过去4亿年。他们将通过让更广泛的科学界参与进来，修改现有的对过去二氧化碳浓度的估计，这些估计以前是使用化石植物材料和矿物作为古代环境条件的“代理”。该团队还将开发一套能够模拟代理形成的陆地或海洋环境的数值模型，以便更好地了解代理如何存档古代条件和大气CO2浓度。这些方法将使研究人员能够建立下一代地球历史上最后5亿年的二氧化碳浓度记录。这些记录对于了解我们的星球在高浓度和不断变化的二氧化碳浓度下如何运作至关重要。该项目的所有产品（数据库、软件、算法）都将得到广泛传播。该项目将资助和指导几名学生和早期职业科学家，两个计划中的教育和推广活动将确保地球和环境科学的学生和公众能够获得结果。社区项目CO2PIP（CO2代用品集成项目）将推进古CO2重建科学，并建立一个统计上可靠的多代用品大气CO2记录。这将通过开发控制常用CO2代理中CO2信号的条件和过程的前向代理系统模型来实现。将让更广泛的科学界参与使主要基于地面的CO2代用品记录现代化，并建立一个标准化和公平的古CO2代用品数据储存库。四个代理系统模型将使用反演分析与经过审查和现代化的代理数据进行统计整合，以生成单个记录的定量，数据驱动的CO2重建，并生成古CO2的稳健，定量重建。用于展示和存档CO2汇编和社区认可的产出的数字基础设施将确保科学界和公众充分获取。这项研究将促进我们对影响CO2估计准确性和精确性的个别控制的代理敏感性的理解，并提高古CO2记录的可比性，从而完善我们对古生物进化的理解该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准。

A cross-disciplinary team of researchers will develop a state-of-the-art record of atmospheric CO2 concentrations for the past 400 million years. They will do so by engaging the broader scientific community to revise existing estimates of past CO2 concentrations that were previously made using fossil plant material and minerals that are ‘proxies’ of ancient environmental conditions. The team will also develop a set of numerical models that are capable of simulating the land or ocean environments in which the proxies formed in order to better understand how proxies archive ancient conditions and atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Together these approaches will permit the researchers to build the next-generation record of CO2 concentrations for the last half billion years of Earth history. This record is fundamental to understanding how our planet functions under high and evolving CO2 concentrations. All products of the project (database, software, algorithms) will be broadly disseminated. The project will fund and mentor several students and early career scientists and two planned educational and outreach activities will ensure that the results are accessible to Earth and Environmental Science students and to the public.The community project CO2PIP (CO2 Proxy Integration Project) will advance the science of paleo-CO2 reconstruction and build a statistically robust multi-proxy atmospheric CO2 record for the Phanerozoic. This will be done through the development of forward proxy system models of the conditions and processes that govern the CO2 signal in commonly used CO2 proxies. The broader scientific community will be engaged to modernize primarily terrestrial-based CO2 proxy records and build a standardized and FAIR paleo-CO2 proxy data repository. Four proxy system models will be statistically integrated with the vetted and modernized proxy data using inversion analysis to produce quantitative, data-driven CO2 reconstructions for individual records and to generate a robust, quantitative reconstruction of paleo-CO2. Digital infrastructure for presenting and archiving the CO2 compilation and community endorsed outputs will ensure full accessibility to the scientific community and public. This research will advance our understanding of proxy sensitivities to individual controls that affect the accuracy and precision of CO2 estimates and improve comparability of paleo-CO2 records, thus refining our understanding of the evolution of paleo-CO2 through the past half billion years of Earth history.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.