Preparing Elementary Pre-Service Teachers to Integrate Computing across the Curriculum

本研究旨在以国家利益为导向，开发、实施并研究职前教师（PSTs）整合基础教育计算机科学学习计划的有效性。美国许多州要求所有公立学校提供计算机科学课程或指导。然而，在大多数美国小学，计算机科学目前并不是一门独立的课程。因此，迫切需要将计算机科学整合到K-6学科内容课程中，以确保每个学生都有机会学习计算机科学。一个系统的教育计划对于初级pst学习计算机科学知识是必要的，更重要的是将其融入K-6课程的策略。然而，将如此密集的努力放在教师教育计划的单一课程中是具有挑战性的，因此缺乏能够将计算机科学学习整合到K-6学科课程中的pst。将使用技术教学内容计算思维（TPC2T）模型，这是一种将计算思维注入另一学科的模型。在这个“参与学生学习1级”项目中，来自5个班级的175名小学pst将在三个学期的时间里参加一系列的课程和学生教学，学习和应用所有K-6学科的计算机科学。本项目亦将产生经实证检验的PST教育框架及计算机科学整合教学模式，以供课堂实施。本项目旨在：1)在教师培养项目结束时，提高教师对K-6学科计算机科学整合的兴趣、自我效能感和知识水平；2)推进TPC2T模式，使其成为K-6计算机科学整合教学的综合模式。为了实现这些目标，项目团队将基于Bandura的自我效能理论和Lent， Brown， and Hackett的社会认知职业理论进行混合方法三角化设计研究。研究成果和教育材料将通过公共项目网站、会议演讲、同行评议的期刊出版物、面对面和在线研讨会以及由nsf资助的中心（如STEM学习和研究中心）主办的活动传播。这个项目期望通过发展计算机科学K-6教育的教师队伍来造福社会。NSF IUSE: EHR计划支持研究和开发项目，以提高所有学生STEM教育的有效性。通过参与学生学习轨道，该计划支持有前途的实践和工具的创建，探索和实施。Robert Noyce教师奖学金（Noyce）计划为IUSE: EHR项目提供联合资金，以支持该项目的职前教师准备目标，该目标与Noyce计划目标非常一致。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This project aims to serve the national interest by developing, implementing, and researching the effectiveness of a program for undergraduate pre-service teachers (PSTs) to integrate computer science learning in elementary education. Many states in the U.S. have required that all public schools offer computer science courses or instruction. However, computer science is currently not offered as an independent course in most U.S. elementary schools. Hence, there is a critical need to integrate computer science into K-6 subject content courses to ensure every student has access to computer science learning. A systematic educational program is necessary for elementary PSTs to learn computer science knowledge and, more importantly, strategies for integrating it into K-6 subjects. However, it is challenging to place such an intensive endeavor into a single course in teacher education programs, so there is a shortage of PSTs who can integrate computer science learning in K-6 subject classes. The Technological Pedagogical Content Computational Thinking (TPC2T) model, a model for the infusion of computational thinking into another subject, will be used. In this Engaged Student Learning Level-1 project, 175 elementary PSTs from 5 cohorts will participate in a series of sessions and student teaching over three semesters to learn and apply computer science across all K-6 subjects. This project will also generate an empirically tested PST educational framework and a computer science integration teaching model for classroom implementation.This project aims 1) to improve PSTs’ interest, self-efficacy, and knowledge of computer science integration in K-6 subjects by the end of their teacher preparation program, and 2) to advance the TPC2T model and make it a comprehensive model for K-6 computer science integrated teaching. To address these goals, the project team will conduct a mixed-method triangulation design research based on Bandura’s self-efficacy theory and Lent, Brown, and Hackett’s social cognitive career theory. The research findings and educational materials will be disseminated via the public project site, conference presentations, peer-reviewed journal publications, in-person and online workshops, and events hosted by NSF-funded centers, such as the STEM Learning and Research Center. This project is expected to benefit society by developing the teacher workforce in computer science K-6 education. The NSF IUSE: EHR Program supports research and development projects to improve the effectiveness of STEM education for all students. Through the Engaged Student Learning track, the program supports the creation, exploration, and implementation of promising practices and tools. The Robert Noyce Teacher Scholarship (Noyce) Program is providing co-funding for this IUSE: EHR project to support the project's pre-service teacher preparation goals, which are well-aligned with Noyce Program goals.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.