Collaborative Research: HNDS-I: Data Infrastructure for Research on Historical Settlement and Population Growth in the United States

该项目创建了一个名为HiSPLUS(美国历史定居点和人口层)的数据平台。这描述了美国从1860年到2020年的人口和住房模式的历史。科学家可以使用这个新平台来研究过去两个世纪全国经历的社会、人口、城市和环境变化。该项目汇集了几个不同来源的数据。住房和地块记录与建筑物占地面积和人口数据合并，并转换为可公开使用的数据，每个人都可以使用。该平台包含美国48个相邻州中大多数州的空间数据和数据表，这些数据以精细的空间和时间分辨率描述了建成环境和人口。这个可公开访问的平台改变了科学家研究与农村和城市地区建成环境相关的社会过程的方式。在未来，HiSPLUS将在回答有关土地利用、城市规划和灾害管理的问题方面发挥重要作用。该项目创建了新的数据集，包括有关已建建筑的特征、土地利用和人口分布的信息，并将它们合并在一起。将这些数据连接到一个数据平台中创建了一个新的数据源，其中包含了迄今为止最高的空间和时间分辨率的历史住房和人口数据集。HiSPLUS平台通过开发将来自卫星图像的空间数据与人口数据和地块记录合并的方法，并开发工具来纠正数据随时间演变而产生的错误，从而推动了数据分析的创新方法。该项目还根据住房结构的特点开发了当地人口统计的新模式。这些数据为科学家提供了回答有关建筑环境演变的重要问题的机会。该平台使得对美国人口、土地使用、城市发展和交通的长期变化进行新的研究成为可能。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This project creates a data platform called HiSPLUS (Historical Settlement and Population Layers for the U.S.) that describes the history of population and housing patterns in the United States from 1860 to 2020. Scientists can use this new platform to study the social, demographic, urban and environmental transformations experienced throughout the country over the past two centuries. The project brings together data from several different sources. Housing and land parcel records are merged with building footprint and population data and transformed into publicly available data that can be used by everyone. The platform contains spatial data and data tables for most of the 48 conterminous states in the U.S., data that describe the built environment and population at fine spatial and temporal resolutions. This publicly accessible platform transforms the way scientists study social processes related to the built environment in rural and urban areas. In the future, HiSPLUS will be important for answering questions about land use, urban planning, and disaster management.This project creates new datasets that include information about the characteristics of built structures, land use, and the distribution of the population, and merges them together. Linking these data in a single data platform creates a novel data resource that contains historical housing and population datasets with the highest spatial and temporal resolution to date. The HiSPLUS platform advances innovative methods of data analysis by developing approaches for merging spatial data from satellite imagery with population data and land parcel records and developing tools for correcting errors in the data as it evolves over time. The project also develops new models for local population counts that are based on the characteristics of housing structures. Such data provide scientists with the opportunity to answer important questions about the evolution of the built environment. The platform makes possible new research on long-run changes in the U.S. population, land use, urban development, and transportation.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.