Dust from Supernovae in the Solar Nebula: An Integrated Nano- and Microanalytical Approach

我们的太阳系是在大约4.57亿年前由星际气体和尘埃云的坍缩形成的。在太阳系形成的最初阶段，只有一小部分固态物质在太阳系的形成过程中幸存下来。其中包括所谓的前太阳颗粒，一种纳米到微米大小的耐火高温矿物，在原始太阳系材料中发现的数量很少（高达100 ppm）。太阳系前颗粒可以通过其高度异常的同位素组成与太阳系中形成的固体区分开来。这些残留的颗粒是在演化恒星的风中形成的，或者是在新星和超新星（SN）爆炸的喷出物中形成的，也就是说，它们代表了早期太阳系中形成的行星体所捕获的星尘样本，可以在实验室中进行详细的分析。特别重要的是来自超新星的碳化硅和硅酸盐尘埃颗粒，这是这项提议的目标。全面描述这种富含硅的尘埃成分，同时提供从轻元素到重元素的同位素组成和矿物学的详细信息，对于更好地了解我们太阳系形成的基石之一非常重要。在这里，我们的目标是在低至50纳米（同位素）和几纳米（矿物学，亚颗粒）的尺度上以无与伦比的细节描述太阳星云的原始尘埃成分。这将通过几种纳米和微分析技术对单个SN粉尘颗粒的协调应用来实现。

Our Solar System formed from the collapse of an interstellar gas and dust cloud some 4.57 Gyr ago. Only a small fraction of the solid matter that went into the making of the Solar System survived the earliest stages of Solar System formation. Among this are so-called presolar grains, refractory, nanometer- to micrometer-sized high-temperature minerals, that are found in small quantities (up to several 100 ppm) in primitive Solar System materials. Presolar grains can be distinguished from solids that formed in the Solar System by their highly anomalous isotopic compositions. These relict grains formed in the winds of evolved stars or in the ejecta of nova and supernova (SN) explosions, i.e, they represent samples of stardust, captured by the forming planetary bodies in the early Solar System, that can be analyzed in great detail in the laboratory. Of particular importance are SiC and silicate dust grains from supernovae, the targets of this proposal. A comprehensive characterization of this Si-rich dust component, with detailed, simultaneous information on the isotopic compositions from light to heavy elements, and of the mineralogy will be important to better understand one of the building blocks from which our Solar System formed. Here, we aim to characterize this pristine dust component of the solar nebula in unrivaled detail at a scale of down to 50 nm (isotopes) and, respectively, of a few nm (mineralogy, subgrains). This will be achieved by the coordinated application of several nano- and microanalysis techniques to single SN dust grains.