Thermonuclear Supernovae: Geometry as the Rosetta Stone of Explosions and Progenitors, with Implications for Precision Cosmology

Ia型超新星(SN)在测量宇宙的加速膨胀方面起着至关重要的作用，产生了宇宙中一半的重金属，并帮助天文学家研究宇宙学和基础物理学的许多方面。虽然这种类型的超新星与一颗致密的白矮星爆炸有关，但Ia型SNE存在着巨大的多样性，天体物理学家已经开发出了甚至更多多样性的爆炸场景。佛罗里达州立大学(FSU)的一个研究小组将把詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜(JWST)的新观测结果和地面高频率光谱偏振测量项目纳入新的理论模型，以捕捉Ia型SNE爆炸的几何形状。在爆炸几何对伴星和星周环境、点火和火焰传播的物理学敏感之后，首次有可能通过结合多信使和时间域观测从几天到几年获得SNE Ia的完整三维图像，并且模型做出新的和明确的新的定性和定量预测。超新星和宇宙学激发了公众的想象力，推动了前沿科学的发展。佛罗里达州立大学天文馆提供了一个理想的平台，以提高公众对SNE化学元素的生产及其对人类生活方方面面的影响的好奇心。中心目标是解释研究如何通过试错、模型和实验测试等取得进展。受众是FSU新学生、初中生、教育工作者和公众。主讲人将是首席研究人员、他的学生和博士后研究人员。该项目的主要目标是了解爆炸物理和前身系统在膨胀包层上的独特几何印记。一个重要的导数将是亮度的方向依赖性，这是精密宇宙学所必需的。这项研究充分利用了时间域和多信使天文学与全多维非局地热平衡辐射输运相结合的方法，而不是依赖于传统的球面平均方法。通过这种方式，可以利用线条轮廓的偏振和不对称所传达的信息。该项目不是不加区别地覆盖由中等质量数据填充的巨大参数空间，而是基于最佳可用数据，将路径映射到新的模拟技术状态，即具有扩展多信使数据的少数SNE Ia，以及具有正在进行的JWST和地面高节奏光谱偏振计划的两个特定SNE Ia。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Type Ia supernovae (SN) play an essential role in measuring the accelerating expansion of the Universe, produce half of the Universe’s heavy metals, and help astronomers to study cosmology and many aspects of fundamental physics. Although this type of supernova is known to involve the explosion of a compact white dwarf star, there is an enormous diversity of variations of Type Ia SNe, and astrophysicists have developed an even large diversity of explosion scenarios. A research team at Florida State University (FSU) will incorporate new observations from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and ground-based high-cadence spectropolarimetry programs into new theoretical models that capture the geometry of Type Ia SNe explosions. For the first time, it is possible to obtain the full 3-D image of SNe Ia by combining multi-messenger and time-domain observations from days to years after the explosion Geometry is sensitive to the companion star and the circumstellar environment, the physics of the ignition and flame propagation, and models make new and clear new qualitative and quantitative predictions. Supernovae and cosmology capture the public imagination and drive forefront science. The FSU planetarium provides an ideal platform to raise public curiosity about the production of chemical elements in SNe and their impact on every aspect of human life. A central objective is to explain how research makes progress through trial and error, models and experimental tests, etc. The audience are new FSU and middle- and high-school students, educators, and the public. The presenters will be the principal investigators, his students and the postdoctoral researcher.The primary goal of the project is to understand the unique geometrical imprints of the explosion physics and progenitor systems on the expanding envelope. An important derivative will be the directional dependence of the brightness, which is needed for precision cosmology. This study makes full use of time-domain and multi-messenger astronomy combined with full multi-D non-local-thermal equilibirum radiation transport, instead of relying on the conventional approach of spherical averaging. In this way, the information conveyed by the polarization and asymmetry of line profiles can be exploited. Instead of indiscriminately covering the vast parameter space populated by medium-quality data, the project will map the path to a new state of the art of simulations based on the best available data, namely the few SNe Ia with extent multi-messenger data plus two specific SNe Ia with ongoing JWST and ground-based high-cadence spectropolarimetry programs.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.