Collaborative Research: NNA Research: Interactions of natural and social systems with climate change, globalization, and infrastructure development in the Arctic

导航新北极（NNA）是美国国家科学基金会的十大构想之一。NNA项目解决快速变化的北极地区的融合科学挑战。北极研究需要为国家、更大地区和全球的经济、安全和复原力提供信息。NNA支持从地方到国际规模的新研究伙伴关系，使下一代北极研究人员多样化，加强正式和非正式教育的努力，并在适当情况下整合知识的共同生产。该奖项通过解决以下NNA领域的社会系统、自然环境和建筑环境之间的相互作用来实现这一目标：北极居民、数据和观测、预测、全球影响和弹性基础设施。如今，季节性变化、永久冻土融化以及北极极端天气条件的出现，导致了自然界和人类世界的连锁反应。植物和动物正在改变它们的季节性和分布模式。这些变化给北方人民的生计带来了更大的压力，他们对自然世界的依赖与天气和季节性有关。全球化，如工业和城市中心的不断增加，也对北极冻土带和土著人民的生计产生了前所未有的影响。通过考虑多种气候和社会经济驱动因素对日益工业化的北极地区运作的影响，该项目明确了对依赖驯鹿放牧经济的北极社区的福祉构成或代表潜在威胁的过程。该项目与代表土著社区、地区政府和工业部门的各种利益攸关方共同生产知识。该项目将许多学科联系起来，为下一代科学家提供培训机会，并通过机构间课程论坛和公共宣传活动扩大接触。该项目的目标是了解苔原地区的自然、社会和建筑环境系统如何在对压力源的反应中相互联系。本项目研究了：(1)高植被对动物和驯鹿牧民的影响，以及人类活动条件下的反馈机制；(2)积雪变化影响食物网和动物种群动态，改变驯鹿牧民和其他利益相关者的决策；(3)人造环境影响驯鹿放牧系统、产业工人与土著居民之间的互动以及土著居民对环境的感知；(4)驯鹿管理、社会制度和驯鹿产品市场影响社区恢复力、土著传统和习俗以及景观结构。俄罗斯的亚马尔地区是一个理想的地点，因为它跨越了五个北极生物气候亚区中的四个，并且在20世纪80年代末对亚马尔进行了前所未有的大规模调查，以及大量苏联时代对驯鹿牧民的人类学研究。该项目与区域利益相关者合作，测试多系统响应假设，以应对夏季和冬季供暖的变化、工业活动的增加以及北方人民日益增加的社会复杂性。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Navigating the New Arctic (NNA) is one of NSF's 10 Big Ideas. NNA projects address convergence scientific challenges in the rapidly changing Arctic. The Arctic research is needed to inform the economy, security and resilience of the Nation, the larger region and the globe. NNA empowers new research partnerships from local to international scales, diversifies the next generation of Arctic researchers, enhances efforts in formal and informal education, and integrates the co-production of knowledge where appropriate. This award fulfills part of that aim by addressing interactions among social systems, natural environment, and built environment in the following NNA areas: Arctic Residents, Data and Observation, Forecasting, Global Impact, and Resilient Infrastructure. Seasonality shifts, thawing permafrost, and the occurrence of extreme weather conditions in the Arctic today have led to cascading effects in the natural and human worlds. Plants and animals are changing their seasonality and ranging patterns. These changes put increased pressure on livelihoods of peoples of the North, whose dependence on the natural world is tied to weather and seasonality. Globalization, such as the growing presence of industrial and urban centers, also impacts the Arctic tundra and livelihoods of Indigenous peoples as never before. By considering impacts of multiple climatic and socioeconomic drivers on the functioning of an increasingly industrialized Arctic region, this project crystalizes processes that are or represent potential threats to the well-being of Arctic communities relying on reindeer herding economy. This project co-produces knowledge with various stakeholders representing the Indigenous community, regional government, and industry sectors. The project links numerous disciplines and provides training opportunities for the next generation of scientists as well as broader exposure via an inter-institutional course-forum and public outreach events.The goal of this project is to understand how the natural, social, and built environment systems within a tundra region are linked in their responses to stressors. This project examines how (1) tall vegetation impacts animals and reindeer herders, and feedback mechanisms conditioned on human activities; (2) changing snowpack influences food webs and animal population dynamics, and alters decision-making by reindeer herders and other stakeholders; (3) the built environment affects the reindeer herding system, as well as interactions between industrial workers and indigenous people and perceptions of the environment by these groups; and (4) reindeer management, social institutions, and markets for reindeer products affect community resilience, indigenous traditions and practices, and landscape structure. The Yamal region of Russia is an ideal site as it spans four of the five Arctic bioclimatic subzones and has an unprecedented large-scale survey of Yamal in the late 1980s as well as voluminous Soviet-era anthropological research on reindeer herders. This project works with regional stakeholders to test hypotheses of multi-system responses to changes in summer and winter heating, growing presence of industrial activities, and increasing social complexities in peoples of the North.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.