Ignition and Flame Speed Characteristics of H2/Air/Exhaust Gas Mixtures

对全球变暖日益增长的担忧导致人们越来越关注无碳电力循环。氢是传统地面动力燃气轮机燃料（如天然气）的一种很有前途的替代品，因为它的高热值，也是碳中性的，可以从可再生能源中产生。因此，燃气轮机行业已承诺到2030年实现100%氢燃烧的碳中和能源系统。然而，与天然气相比，氢气的反应性很强，导致火焰速度高，这可能导致火焰上游移动的风险增加，并导致燃烧器内的不稳定，例如闪回。因此，了解氢火焰的火焰反应性、火焰稳定性和燃烧稳定性是很重要的。该项目的总体目标是推进对氢燃烧和火焰特性的理解，以实现安全、稳定、无碳和高效的燃烧。该项目的成功完成将增加我们对燃气轮机燃烧器和其他氢燃烧应用（如内燃机）中稀氢燃烧的了解，以及它们整合到我们的能源基础设施中的潜力，从而造福社会。该项目将通过密歇根州立大学（MSU）的K-12外展计划，向下一代工程师介绍能源和燃烧领域的工程研究概念，进一步造福社会，包括密歇根州立大学女生STEM日和密歇根州立大学面向科学和工程领域代表性不足群体的工程夏令营。美国正在采取重大举措，以提高燃烧效率和减少排放。这些倡议主要集中在能源和运输部门，并经常寻求用替代碳中和或无碳燃料取代传统燃料。目前的研究主要集中在先进的燃气轮机燃烧器和发动机上，这些燃烧器和发动机在氢气/空气/废气混合物中高度稀释，因为这提供了一种减少氮氧化物和一氧化碳排放的方法，同时保持燃油效率。该项目将研究氢/空气/废气混合物在快速压缩机中的点火和燃烧化学动力学。此外，层流火焰速度和混合物的马克斯坦长度将在定容燃烧容器中测量。自燃和层流火焰速度实验将有助于加深对氢/空气/废气燃烧的理解，这将有助于安全、无碳和高效的氢燃料运行，为更清洁的环境做出贡献。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Growing concerns over global warming have led to an increased focus on carbon-free power cycles. Hydrogen is a promising alternative to conventional ground-based power gas turbine fuels, such as natural gas, due to its high calorific value and it is also carbon neutral and can be generated from renewable energy sources. Therefore, the gas turbine industry has committed to achieve a carbon neutral energy system using 100% hydrogen firing by 2030. However, hydrogen is very reactive relative to natural gas resulting in high flame speeds which can lead to an increased risk of the flame moving upstream and causing instabilities, such as flashback, within the burner. Consequently, it is important to understand the flame reactivity, flame stability, and combustion stability of hydrogen flames. The overall goal of this project is to advance the understanding of hydrogen combustion and flame characteristics in order to achieve safe, stable, carbon free, and efficient combustion. Successful completion of the project will benefit society by increasing our understanding of dilute hydrogen combustion in gas turbine combustors and other hydrogen combustion applications, such as internal combustion engines, and their potential for integration into our energy infrastructure. The project will further benefit society by introducing the next generation of engineers to engineering research concepts in the areas of energy and combustion through Michigan State University (MSU)’s K-12 outreach programs, including MSU Girl’s STEM Day and MSU engineering summer camps for under-represented groups in science and engineering.Major initiatives are underway in the United States to improve combustion efficiency and reduce emissions. These initiatives are primarily focused on the energy and transportation sectors, and often seek to replace conventional fuels with alternative carbon neutral or carbon free fuels. Current research is focused on advanced gas turbine combustors and engines that operate highly diluted on hydrogen/air/exhaust gas mixtures as this provides a means to reduce oxide of nitrogen and carbon monoxide emissions while maintaining fuel efficiency. This project will investigate the ignition and combustion chemical kinetics of hydrogen/air/exhaust gas mixtures in a rapid compression machine. In addition, laminar flame speeds and Markstein lengths of the mixtures will be measured in a constant volume combustion vessel. The autoignition and laminar flame speed experiments will enable an increased understanding of hydrogen/air/exhaust gas combustion that will contribute to safe, carbon free, and efficient hydrogen fuel operation for a cleaner environment.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.