Invertebrate calcification and behavior in seawater of decoupled carbonate chemistry

这项研究正在探索沿海生物应对由淡水输入和二氧化碳吸收到世界海洋（海洋酸化）所驱动的海水化学变化的能力。该项目重点关注海水化学变化下海岸线动物的钙化反应和行为障碍，并以一种常见的贻贝物种（加利福尼亚贻贝）和一种常见的蜗牛（黑头巾蜗牛）为研究对象，这两种物种在北美西海岸的岩石海岸上都很丰富。目标物种作为典型生物更普遍地表征海洋无脊椎动物的反应。方法包括对海水碳酸盐体系的多个组分进行实验解耦，以分离难以分离的驱动因素。更广泛的影响包括向包括立法者在内的决策者传递科学信息，以及对未来几代科学家和公民的培训和技能开发。支持一名博士生，以及加州大学戴维斯分校进行指导研究的本科生。该项目还为当地社区学院（圣罗莎初级学院）的本科生提供研究实习机会，其中许多人来自代表性不足的群体。后一个项目组成部分大大支持了Bodega海洋实验室正在进行的项目，包括多样性，公平性和包容性的努力。该项目的数据和解释将被输入到一个现有的教育项目中，该项目与当地K-12学校相连，每年可接触到约10,000名公众。总体而言，该项目的研究是在适合沿海海洋环境的当前和未来碳酸盐系统条件下，剖析关键海岸线无脊椎动物钙化和行为破坏的驱动因素。人们正在努力探索海水碳酸盐系统的一个或多个参数对钙化的影响程度。特别是，现有的概念模型强调碳酸钙饱和状态（Ω）和/或碳酸氢盐与氢离子浓度的比例（[HCO3-]/[H+]）的重要性，该项目正在研究这些机制以及多个驱动因素同时起作用的可能性。它在双壳类动物和腹足类动物中都这样做，以测试软体动物的普遍性。该项目还研究了pH是否是唯一影响海洋无脊椎动物已知行为损害模式的碳酸盐系统因素。对海洋酸化引起的衰弱行为的主要解释涉及离子通道功能的改变，但文献中的讨论仍在继续，明确解耦碳酸盐系统的研究是必要的。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This research is exploring the capacity of coastal organisms to cope with alterations in seawater chemistry driven by both freshwater inputs and absorption of carbon dioxide into the world’s oceans (ocean acidification). The project focuses on calcification responses and behavioral impairments of shoreline animals under altered seawater chemistry, and forefronts a common mussel species (the California mussel), and a common snail (the black turban snail), each abundant on rocky shores along the west coast of North America. The target species operate as exemplar organisms for characterizing the responses of marine invertebrates more generally. Methods involve experimental decoupling of multiple components of the carbonate system of seawater to isolate drivers that are difficult to separate otherwise. Broader impacts include transfer of scientific information to policy-makers, including legislators, as well as training and skill-set development of future generations of scientists and citizens. One Ph.D. student is supported, as are UC Davis undergraduates conducting mentored research. The project also provides research internships for undergraduates from a local community college (Santa Rosa Junior College), many of whom are from underrepresented groups. The latter project component substantially bolsters an ongoing program at Bodega Marine Laboratory that includes efforts in diversity, equity, and inclusion. Data and interpretations from the project are feeding into an existing educational program that links to local K-12 schools and reaches ~10,000 members of the public each year.Overall, the research of the project is dissecting drivers of calcification and behavioral disruption in key shoreline invertebrates, across present-day and future carbonate system conditions appropriate to coastal marine environments. Efforts are exploring the extent to which calcification depends on one versus multiple parameters of the seawater carbonate system. In particular, existing conceptual models emphasize the importance of calcium carbonate saturation state (Ω) and/or the ratio of bicarbonate to hydrogen ion concentrations ([HCO3-]/[H+]), and the project is examining these mechanisms as well as the possibility that more than one driver acts simultaneously. It is doing so both in bivalves and in gastropods to test for generality across molluscs. The project is additionally examining whether pH is the only carbonate system factor contributing to known patterns of behavioral impairment in marine invertebrates. Leading explanations for debilitating behaviors induced by ocean acidification involve altered ion channel function, but discussion in the literature continues, and studies that explicitly decouple the carbonate system are necessary.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.