Parent-to-child anxiety transmission in early childhood: Capturing in-the-moment mechanisms through emotion modeling and biological synchrony

幼儿期亲子焦虑传递：通过情绪建模和生物同步捕捉当下机制

• 批准号: 10458322
• 负责人: Koraly E Perez-Edgar
• 金额: $ 118.32万
• 依托单位: PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-07-01 至 2027-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10458322
• 关键词: Affect; Age; Animal Model; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Arousal; Arousal and Regulatory Systems; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological; Buffers; Caregivers; Child; Child Rearing; Child Support; Climate; Cods; Cognitive; Coupled; Coupling; Data; Development; Diagnosis; Distress; Electroencephalography; Emotional; Emotions; Ensure; Environment; Event; Exposure to; Family Relationship; Family dynamics; Fathers; Fright; Genetic; Genetic Load; Individual; Informal Social Control; Intervention; Link; Literature; Longitudinal Studies; Measures; Mediating; Modeling; Mothers; Negative Valence; Nursery Schools; Outcome; Parents; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Physiological; Plant Roots; Pregnancy; Process; Protocols documentation; Psychopathology; Psychophysiology; Questionnaires; Regulation; Research Domain Criteria; Risk; Sampling; Series; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Social Environment; Speech; Stress; Symptoms; System; Temperament; Time; Translating; Trier Social Stress Test; Variant; Withdrawal; anxiety symptoms; base; calcification; childhood anxiety; cognitive control; coping; developmental disease; dyadic interaction; early childhood; experience; fetal programming; functional near infrared spectroscopy; human model; in vivo; intergenerational; middle childhood; multimodality; novel; peer; psychosocial; recruit; relating to nervous system; response; sex; social; transmission process; visual tracking

Previous studies have identified three central pathways of parent-to-child anxiety transmission: (1) shared genetic load, (2) fetal programming through maternal experiences during pregnancy, and (3) parental behaviors that model and shape anxiety-linked cognitive, behavioral, and emotional profiles. To date, we have few tractable mechanisms by which we can intervene upon the first two pathways. However, a wide and robust literature has characterized specific parenting behaviors linked to the emergence of childhood anxiety, making it a translatable target. Much of this literature has focused on broad profiles based on questionnaire measures or aggregate summaries of behaviors averaged over time. As a result, we know little regarding the moment- by-moment interactions that serve as a behavioral conduit for intergenerational transmission. Repeated daily interactions with caregivers, channeled through dyadic social dynamics, attune the child to parental expressions of fear and distress influencing the child's own responses to surrounding events. The current longitudinal study will focus on two instances of dyadic social dynamics as mechanisms for anxiety transmission. First is dyadic synchrony, a process captured in the temporal co-ordination of discrete microlevel signals between dyadic partners evident across levels of analysis. Second is emotion modeling, in which observed patterns of parental emotion, distress, and coping are internalized by the child, supported by psychophysiological synchrony, and then reflected in their own subsequent behavior. Children ages 4 to 6 and their parent, including both mothers and fathers, will be assessed at five time points, 6 months apart in a multi- modal battery. Parent-child dyads will engage in mildly stressful interactions that allow us to capture neural (fNIRS), psychophysiological (RSA), attentional (mobile eye-tracking), and behavioral (overt emotion and distress) patterns of synchrony. In addition, we will assess regulatory (EEG delta-beta coupling), cognitive (ERP N2 component), and attentional (threat bias) markers of socioemotional development and anxiety risk. Finally, we asses child fearful temperament, which is associated with greater sensitivity to the social environment and the later emergence of anxiety. Thus, we can ask (1) Concurrently, how do patterns of dyadic social dynamics vary across parent-child pairs? (2) Across tasks, to what extent does variation in dyadic patterns help predict anxiety risk? (3) Over time, can we predict socioemotional profiles and anxiety risk from earlier patterns of dynamic dyadic interactions? Reflecting the Research Domain Criteria, we integrate multilevel mechanisms by examining how social and arousal/regulatory systems are coupled through dyadic social dynamics to influence the emergence of anxiety via the cognitive (attention to threat, cognitive control), arousal/regulatory (delta-beta coupling), and negative valence (fearful temperament) systems. In doing so we heed the call to examine development and the environment as “bidirectional influences” on transdiagnostic processes of psychopathology in order to translate our findings to dyadic treatment approaches.

以前的研究已经确定了亲子焦虑传播的三条主要途径：(1)分享 遗传负荷，(2)孕期母体经验的胎儿规划，以及(3)父母 模拟和塑造与焦虑相关的认知、行为和情绪特征的行为。到目前为止，我们有 我们能够干预前两条道路的容易控制的机制很少。然而，一个宽广而稳健的 文献已经描述了与儿童焦虑的出现有关的具体的育儿行为，使得 它是一个可翻译的目标.这些文献中的大部分都集中在基于问卷测量的广泛概况上 或者是对一段时间内平均行为的汇总。因此，我们对这一时刻知之甚少- 作为代际传播的行为管道的瞬间互动。每天重复一次 与照顾者的互动，通过二元社会动态引导，使孩子与父母协调 恐惧和悲伤的表情影响着孩子自己对周围事件的反应。海流 纵向研究将集中在两个二元社会动力作为焦虑机制的例子上 变速箱。首先是二元同步，这是一个在离散微观层次的时间协调中捕捉到的过程 在不同层次的分析中，二元伙伴之间的信号是显而易见的。二是情感建模，其中 观察到的父母情绪、痛苦和应对模式被孩子内化，并得到 心理生理上的同步性，然后反映在自己随后的行为上。4至6岁的儿童和 他们的父母，包括母亲和父亲，将在五个时间点进行评估，间隔6个月，分多次- 模式电池。亲子二人会参与压力较小的互动，这让我们能够捕捉到神经 (FNIRS)、心理生理学(RSA)、注意力(移动眼球跟踪)和行为(外显情绪和 苦恼)同步的模式。此外，我们还将评估调节性(EEG-β耦合)、认知 (事件相关电位n2成分)，以及注意(威胁偏向)社会情绪发展和焦虑风险的标记物。 最后，我们评估儿童恐惧的气质，这与对社会更敏感有关 环境和后来出现的焦虑。因此，我们可以同时问(1)，二元模式是如何 在不同的亲子关系中，社会动力是不同的？(2)在不同的任务中，二元变量的差异有多大 模式有助于预测焦虑风险？(3)随着时间的推移，我们能否预测社会情绪特征和焦虑风险 早期的动态二元互动模式？反映研究领域标准，我们整合了 通过研究社会和唤醒/调节系统如何通过二元耦合来实现多层次机制 社会动力通过认知(注意威胁、认知控制)影响焦虑的出现， 觉醒/调节(增量-β耦合)和负价(恐惧气质)系统。在这样做的时候，我们 听从号召，将发展和环境视为对跨诊断的“双向影响” 为了将我们的发现转化为二元治疗方法，我们对精神病理学的过程进行了研究。