FMSG: Eco: Multimaterial Manufacturing of Eco-Friendly and Biodegradable Paper-Based Flexible Hybrid Electronics

未来制造种子基金（FMSG）生态制造项目支持科学和工程研究，使未来制造环保电子产品和纸上印刷传感器成为可能。印刷仅在需要的地方放置所需的材料，消除了有害废物的产生，并减少了与传统电子制造工艺相关的污染。然而，目前的印刷技术依赖于湿法工艺，例如丝网印刷或喷墨印刷，这需要大量开发油墨或溶液。这些通常是不纯的，并且可能与可生物降解的纸基材不相容。这项工作的目标是设计和展示一种变革性的干添加剂纳米制造方法，使环保的纸电子印刷成为可能。直接在可生物降解的纸基基材上干印多材料和多功能结构的独特能力是未来制造环保电子产品和传感器的有吸引力的解决方案。该项目的成果还将减少“电子废物”。电子产品通常在使用后被丢弃，包括塑料基板在内的废弃材料的数量正在急剧增加。使用可生物降解的纸质基材可以实现从摇篮到坟墓的再利用和回收。这项研究在多个学科之间产生了协同作用，包括纳米材料研究，设备工程和柔性电子产品，并将有助于培养熟练的多学科制造劳动力。这项工作将影响许多市场，包括消费电子、医疗保健、国防、汽车和航空航天，最终将帮助美国保持其在制造业的领导地位，并进一步促进其经济繁荣。这项研究旨在建立支撑未来在可生物降解纸上制造印刷电子产品的理论和实验基础，克服了制造多材料和多功能装置和传感器的现有生态友好挑战。这项研究中产生的基础科学显着加强了我们对基于纳米颗粒的干打印概念的理解，用于2D和3D先进材料以及具有微米和纳米级分辨率的可生物降解基底上的混合结构。该研究采用非平衡激光烧蚀和烧结工艺，用于能量和时间分辨的各种纳米颗粒材料的生成和结晶，包括半导体，半导体，导体，以及新兴的多功能和量子材料到可生物降解的纸基材上。这使得基于激光的多材料和干式印刷方法能够制造具有广泛技术重要材料和设计的柔性混合生物降解纸电子产品。具体而言，这项研究旨在i）探索纳米颗粒的受控，按需干式印刷及其在可生物降解基材上的烧结机制，ii）了解纸基材上的纳米颗粒烧结机制，并通过实验和计算揭示不同能量和时间尺度下单一和多材料图案的结构和形态演变，以及iii）研究印刷的纸电子器件和传感器的电气和机械性能以及可靠性。该研究中开发的科学发现和工程概念使未来在可生物降解的纸基基底上制造多材料和多功能电子器件和传感器成为可能。该项目由材料研究部（DMR），刺激竞争力研究的既定计划（EPSCoR）和民用部门共同资助，机械和制造创新（CMMI）。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This Future Manufacturing Seed Grant (FMSG) EcoManufacturing project supports scientific and engineering research enabling the future manufacturing of eco-friendly electronics and sensors printed on paper. Printing places desired materials only where needed, eliminating hazardous waste generation and reducing the pollution associated with traditional electronics manufacturing processes. However, current printing technologies rely on wet processes such as screen or inkjet printing that require extensive development of inks or solutions. These are often impure and can be incompatible with biodegradable paper substrates. The goal of this work is to design and demonstrate a transformative dry additive nanomanufacturing approach that enables the printing of eco-friendly papertronics. The unique ability to dry print multimaterial and multifunctional structures directly on biodegradable paper-based substrates is an attractive solution for future manufacturing of eco-friendly electronics and sensors. The results of this project will also reduce “e-waste”. Electronics are generally discarded after use, and the amount of waste materials, including plastic substrates, is increasing dramatically. The use of biodegradable paper substrates allows for reuse and recycling, from cradle to grave. This research creates synergy amongst several disciplines, including nanomaterials research, device engineering, and flexible electronics, and will contribute to the development of a skilled, multidisciplinary manufacturing workforce. This work will impact many markets, including consumer electronics, healthcare, defense, automotive and aerospace, and will ultimately help the U.S. to retain its leadership in manufacturing and further enhance its economic prosperity.This research aims to establish the theoretical and experimental foundations underpinning future manufacturing of printed electronics on biodegradable papers, overcoming the existing eco-friendly challenges in fabricating multimaterial and multifunctional devices and sensors. The fundamental science generated in this research significantly strengthens our understanding of dry nanoparticle-based printing concepts for 2D and 3D advanced materials and hybrid structures on biodegradable substrates with micro and nanoscale resolutions. The research employs nonequilibrium laser ablation and sintering processes for energy and time-resolved generation and crystallization of various nanoparticle materials, including semiconductors, dielectrics, conductors, as well as emerging multifunctional and quantum materials onto biodegradable paper substrates. This enables a laser-based multimaterial and dry printing approach to fabricate flexible hybrid biodegradable papertronics with a broad spectrum of technologically important materials and designs. Specifically, this research is designed to i) explore controlled, on-demand dry printing of nanoparticles and their sintering mechanisms on biodegradable substrates, ii) understand nanoparticle sintering mechanisms on paper substrates and unravel the structural and morphological evolution of single and multimaterial patterns at different energy and time scales both experimentally and computationally, and iii) investigate the electrical and mechanical performance and reliability of printed papertronics and sensors. The scientific discoveries and engineering concepts developed in this research enable future manufacturing of multimaterial and multifunctional electronics and sensors on biodegradable paper-based substrates.This project is jointly funded by the Division of Materials Research (DMR), the Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR), and the Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation (CMMI).This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.