Special Issue of Oceanography on "The Changing Arctic Ocean"

海洋学会建议出版开放获取期刊《海洋学》特刊，题为《变化的北冰洋》。这期特刊将以清晰而令人信服的语言阐述北冰洋环境和生态系统因气候变暖而发生的许多变化。拟议的特刊将广泛回顾过去十年在北冰洋研究方面取得的重大科学成就，并展望未来的研究机会。特刊围绕以下方面的变化安排：(1)海冰动力学，(2)从盆地尺度到微尺度的物理海洋学，(3)泛北极和全球联系，(4)海洋生态系统进程，以及(5)这些变化如何影响地缘政治问题，(6)这些变化如何引起北极土著社区的关切，以及(7)如何通过观测系统评估这些变化。海洋学是一种开放获取的期刊，它通过严格的同行评议文章，包括高质量的科学图形和照片，努力使语言清晰和简洁，为读者带来生动的主题。拟议的《海洋学》特刊将重点研究北冰洋如何变化以及这些变化如何影响人类。它将为本科生和研究生的课堂教学和讨论提供连贯和可读的科学研究成果概要，并为政策制定者提供信息。自2000年以来，北极大气变暖的速度是全球平均水平的两倍多。随着气候变暖，北冰洋海冰面积、多年海冰量、盆地部分及其邻近陆架海以及格陵兰冰盖的季节性冰盖持续时间都在减少。海洋的反应包括上层海洋的普遍变暖，以及太平洋和大西洋之间的波浪气候学、环流、混合、层结以及体积和性质交换的变化。物理变化正在改变海洋生态系统、各种生物群落的组成和丰富度以及生物地球化学循环。这些变化关系到土著沿海社区，他们预见到，在冰上或开阔水域狩猎或捕鱼时，自给性食物资源的变化、海岸侵蚀率的增加以及安全危险的增加会对其文化构成威胁。这些社区还对海洋工业、旅游和军事活动的潜在增加所产生的新影响感到担忧。在过去的十年里，北极科学界通过模型和观测整合方面的进步、北极观测网络系统的重要补充，以及最近在北极气候研究多学科漂流观测站(MOSAIC)项目的支持下对北极冰盖进行的为期一年的考察，对这些变化及其对社会的相关威胁做出了回应。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The Oceanography Society proposes to publish a special issue of the open-access journal Oceanography entitled “The Changing Arctic Ocean”. The special issue will articulate in clear and compelling language the many ways the Arctic Ocean’s environment and ecosystem are changing due to a warming climate. The proposed special issue will broadly review significant scientific accomplishments in Arctic Ocean research over the past decade and provide a look at future research opportunities. The special issue is organized around changes in: (1) sea ice dynamics, (2) physical oceanography from basin scale to the microscale, (3) pan-Arctic and global linkages, and (4) marine ecosystem processes, as well as (5) how these changes influence geopolitical issues, (6) how these changes cause concern among Arctic Indigenous communities, and (7) how these changes are being assessed through observing systems. Oceanography is an open access journal that strives for clarity and simplicity in language through rigorously peer-reviewed articles that include high-quality scientific graphics and photos to bring topics alive for its readership. The proposed special issue of Oceanography will highlight research addressing how the Arctic Ocean is changing and how those changes are affecting humankind. It will provide a coherent and readable compendium of results from scientific research that can be used as a basis for undergraduate and graduate classroom instruction and discussions, as well as to inform policymakers.Since 2000, the Arctic atmosphere has warmed at more than twice the rate of the global average. This warming has been accompanied by a reduction in Arctic sea-ice extent, multi-year sea ice volume, the seasonal duration of ice cover over portions of the basin and its adjacent shelf seas, as well as the Greenland Ice Sheet. The oceanic response has included a general warming of the upper ocean and changes in wave climatology, circulation, mixing, stratification, and volumetric and property exchanges between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. The physical changes are altering the marine ecosystem, the composition and abundance of various biological communities, and biogeochemical cycling. These changes are concerning to Indigenous coastal communities who foresee threats to their culture through alterations in subsistence food resources, increased coastal erosion rates, and increased safety hazards while hunting or fishing on ice or open water. These communities are also concerned with new impacts arising from a potential increase in marine industrial, tourist, and military activities. Over the past decade, the Arctic science community has responded to these changes and their associated threats to society through advancements in the integration of models and observations, important additions to the Arctic Observing Network systems, and most recently, through the yearlong expedition into the Arctic ice pack under the auspices of the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) project.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.